Effects of volume fraction condition on thermodynamic restrictions in mixture theory

Volume fraction condition is a true constraint that must be taken into consideration in deducing the thermodynamic restrictions of mixture theory applying the axiom of dissipation. For a process to be admissible, the constraints imposed by the volume fraction condition include not only the equation obtained by taking its material derivative with respect to the motion of a given phase, but also those by taking its spatial gradient. The thermodynamic restrictions are deduced under the complete constraints, the results obtained are consistent for the mixtures with or without a compressible phase, and in which the free energy of each phase depends on the densities of all phases.     

Photoluminescence of Self－Assembled InAs／GaAs Quantum Dots Covered by InAlAs and InGaAs Combination Strain－Reducing Layer

Self-assembled lnAs/GaAs quantum dots covered by the 1-nm InxAI(1-x)As (x = 0.2, 0.3) and 3-nm In0.2Ga0.8As combination strain-reducing layer are fabricated, whose height can take up to 30-46 nm. The luminescence emission at a long-wavelength of 1.33μm and the energy separation between the ground and the first-excited state of 86meV are observed at room temperature. Furthermore, comparative study proves that the energy separation can increase to 91 meV by multiple stacking.     

Deposition of TiN Films by Novel Filter Cathodic Arc Technique

A straight magnetic filtering arc source is used to deposit thin films of titanium nitride. The properties of the films depend strongly on the deposition process. TiN films can be deposited directly onto heated substrates in a nitrogen atmosphere or onto unbiased substrates by condensing the Ti^＋ ion beam in about 300 eV N2^＋ nitrogen ion bombardment. In the latter case, the film stoichiometry is varied from an N：Ti ratio of 0.6-1.1 by controlling the arrival rates of Ti and nitrogen ions. Meanwhile, simple models are used to describe the evolution of compressive stress as function of the arrival ratio and the composition of the ion-assisted TiN films.     

核-壳结构ZnS∶Tb/CdS纳米晶的电致发光

利用微乳液方法合成出粒径为4 nm的核-壳结构ZnS∶Tb/CdS纳米晶。用XRD、TEM及荧光光谱等手段对合成的纳米晶的结构、形态和光学特性分别进行了表征。将ZnS∶Tb/CdS纳米晶制作成有机-无机杂化结构电致发光器件,其结构为ITO/poly(3,4-ethylene d ioxythiophene)∶poly(styrene sulfonate)(PEDOT-PSS)(70 nm)/poly(vinylcobarzale)(PVK)(100 nm)/ZnS∶Tb/CdS纳米晶(120 nm)/2,9-d im ethyl-4,7-d iphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline(BCP)(30 nm)/L iF(1.0 nm)/A l(100 nm)。当驱动电压为13 V时,可以测到Tb3+离子的两个特征峰。在电致发光光谱中未测到聚合物PVK的发光,说明电子和空穴是在纳米晶层上复合的。当驱动电压为25 V时,得到器件的最大亮度为19 cd/m2。     

新Tortoise坐标变换与任意加速带电动态黑洞熵

采用一种新的Tortoise坐标变换，约化视界附近Klein-Gordon方程，得到了黑洞的Hawking温度；并用薄膜模型计算了黑洞熵，得到了熵与视界面积成正比的Bekenstein关系.用这种Tortoise坐标变换，还可以使计算动态黑洞熵时所用的截断因子变得与静态和稳态情况相同. 关键词： Tortoise坐标变换 黑洞 Hawking温度 熵     

模板技术制备-维纳米纤维及其阵列

以阳极多孔氧化铝膜为模板，制备了一系列一维结构材料及其阵列体系，材料的结构和阵列方式可调．主要包括两方面内容：通过功能单体的自由基聚合，制备了核壳结构的双重凝胶纳米纤维PDMA／PNH4AA及其阵列，控制氧化铝膜表面的润湿性，双重凝胶纳米纤维的核壳结构可以发生相反转，通过银离子与PNH4AA相的选择性复合，制备了柔性银纳米纤维或管；结合嵌段共聚物的自组装和无机物的溶胶／凝胶过程，制备了一维有序介孔二氧化硅及其阵列体系，改变嵌段共聚物的浓度，可以控制二氧化硅的介观结构．此材料易于进行异质复合，因而便于制备功能性一维复合材料及其阵列体系．     

纳米晶HoFeO3的合成及其气敏性能研究

为开发新型具有高性能的气敏材料 ,以Ho2 O3 、Fe(NO3) 3·9H2 O、硝酸 (1∶1)为原料 ,在柠檬酸体系中 ,用溶胶凝胶法合成了具有钙钛矿结构的稀土复合氧化物HoFeO3;用XRD、TEM对产物的组成、粒径大小、形貌进行了表征 .结果表明 ,产物为纳米颗粒 ,平均粒径为 2 5nm左右 ,且为颗粒均匀的圆球形 .另外 ,在最佳工作温度为3 10℃时 ,采用静态配气法测试了材料的气敏性能 ,发现HoFeO3 对体积分数为 0 .5 的乙醇的灵敏度高达 10 3 ,高出其它被测气体 5倍以上 ,因此 ,HoFeO3 对乙醇有较好的灵敏度和抗干扰能力 .且元件的响应恢复特性良好 ,响应时间和恢复时间分别为 12和 7s     

柱层析-高效液相色谱测定煤沥青中16种多环芳烃

建立了高效液相色谱测定煤沥青甲苯抽提液中16种美国环境保护署(EPA)重点监控多环芳烃(PAHs)含量的方法。以Agilent PAHs色谱柱为分离柱,不同比例混合的乙腈和水作流动相进行梯度洗脱,紫外检测器检测,16种PAHs的线性范围为0.5~20 mg/L,相对标准偏差小于2%,加标回收率为83.7%~98.9%。对两种不同来源的煤沥青进行分析,结果显示,两种煤沥青中16种PAHs的含量分别为107.89 g/kg和103.04 g/kg,其中苯并[a]芘含量分别为11.86 g/kg和13.85 g/kg。该方法可用于不同种煤沥青中致癌性PAHs的准确测定。     

轴不对称支撑的手性N-O酰胺化合物催化亚胺硅氢化反应的过渡态研究

利用Hartree-Fock(HF)算法和密度泛函理论(DFT)探讨了新型轴手性氮氧酰胺类配体催化亚胺C=N双键不对称硅氢化反应的过渡态.研究发现,H在Si原子上,反应经过渡态TS-2,能垒较低,由此得到产物(-)-N-(1-phenylethyl)aniline的e.e.值与实验结果相吻合.同时,本文还尝试采用合理的简化模型计算反应过渡态,其结果与使用全部分子用于过渡态能量计算的结论一致.     

THE GENERALIZED GALERKIN’S EQUATION OF THE FINITE ELEMENT,THE BOUNDARY VARIATIONAL EQUATIONS AND THE BOUNDARY INTEGRAL EQUATIONS

Based on[1 ],we have further applied the variational princi-ple of the variable boundary to investigate the discretizationanalysis of the solid system and derived the generalized Ga-lerkin’s equations of the finite element.the boundary varia-tional equations and the boundary integral equations.These e-quations indicate that the unknown functions of the solid sys-tem must satisfy the conditions in the element S_a or on the boun-dariesГ_a.These equations are applied to establishing the discreti-zation equations in order to obtain the numerical solution ofthe unknown functions.At a time these equations can be usedas the basis for the simplified calculation in various corres-ponding cases.In this paper,the results of boundary integral equationsshow that the calculation of integration is not accurate alongthe surfaceГ_a of interior element S_a by J-integral suggestedby Rice[2].