石油烃污染紫色土的可见-近红外光谱特征及其含量估算研究

高光谱遥感技术是一种有效的监测石油类污染手段,目前主要应用于海上溢油方面,而关于土壤石油烃污染的研究较少。针对土壤石油烃污染研究不足的现状,选取柴油、汽油和机油三种石油烃,开展了石油烃污染紫色土的光谱特征实验研究,分析了紫色土在不同种类石油烃污染及不同污染浓度条件下的光谱特征,提取了含有不同种类石油烃的紫色土光谱吸收特征波段。在此基础上,经过7种光谱变换和相关性分析,筛选出与石油烃含量最敏感的光谱变量,分别采用单变量回归法和多元逐步线性回归法建立了估算模型,并对模型进行了验证。研究表明：含有柴油、机油和汽油的光谱在1 200,1 700和2 300 nm附近均出现了吸收特征,光谱吸收深度表现为：机油>汽油>柴油;多元逐步线性回归法优于单变量回归法,其建立的柴油、机油和汽油的估算模型决定系数均大于0.95,校正均方根误差小于0.47,验证均方根误差小于0.56,估算精度较高。     

高效率内腔式2 μm简并光学参量振荡器

报道了一种高效率的2 μm光学参量振荡器. 利用1.064 μm声光调Q Nd:YVO₄激光器抽运基于氧化镁掺杂周期性极化铌酸锂的内腔式光学参量振荡器, 在简并状态实现了稳定高效的2 μm激光输出. 当808 nm激光二极管抽运功率为20 W, Q开关工作频率为15 kHz时, 产生了平均功率为3.5 W、脉冲宽度为1.4 ns的2 μm激光, 光-光转换效率为17.5%, 斜效率为25%. 据我们所知, 该转换效率在2 μm波段内腔式光学参量振荡器中是最高的.     

自适应SVD-UKF算法及在组合导航的应用

提出一种新的自适应奇异值分解Unscented卡尔曼滤波(UKF)算法.该算法利用自适应因子平衡动力学模型信息与观测信息的权比,控制动力学模型误差对导航参数解的影响.用奇异值分解阵(SVD)的迭代计算代替协方差矩阵的迭代变换,提高了协方差矩阵的数值稳定性.将新算法应用于组合导航系统进行计算仿真,结果证明,新算法具有良好的鲁棒性,能有效改善滤波性能,提高组合导航系统的精度.     

玻璃的二次发射

本文概括地综述了近年来玻璃的二次发射研究。着重叙述了璃瑞,特别是铅铋瑞璃的二次发射糸数的性质,搜集了一些用璃瑞材料制成的单通道和通道板电子倍增器对各种带电粒子、光子和x射线的探测效率。     

多分散性对嵌段共聚物微观相行为影响的耗散粒子动力学模拟研究进展

嵌段共聚物通过微观相分离形成的各种有序结构在纳米印刷、药物输送、太阳能电池模板制备等领域有着广泛的应用.如何实现这些有序结构的有效调控是大家普遍关心的问题.近期的实验及理论研究表明嵌段长度的多分散性对嵌段共聚物的微观相行为有着不可忽视的影响.本文综述了近年来在AB型两嵌段及ABA型三嵌段共聚物的实验及理论研究中的一些主要进展,重点介绍了基于耗散粒子动力学的模拟研究进展.并对多分散性可能带来潜在重要影响的嵌段共聚物相关体系的未来发展方向进行了展望.     

煤焦油重组分甲苯不溶物结构组成及对悬浮床加氢裂化生焦的影响

以煤焦油常压渣油(CTAR)为原料在3000mL环流反应器悬浮床加氢装置上进行了中试实验,并分别从CTAR和加氢产物中提取了甲苯不溶物(TI)及焦炭,通过元素分析、SEM、XRD、FT-IR、XPS等手段对TI及焦炭进行对比分析,明确了TI的结构组成并将其与加氢裂化生焦情况进行了关联。结果表明,CTAR悬浮床加氢工艺具有轻油收率高、生焦总量小、没有壁相焦的特点。TI由煤焦油生产过程中带入的碳质、矿物质颗粒及稠环芳烃有机物构成,O是其中含量最高的杂原子,Ca、Si、Al、Na来源于煤焦油中矿物质,C和O主要存在于C-C、C-H、C-O-C、C-OH结构中,N主要以吡咯和胺的形式存在,S主要以脂肪类S存在。TI具有明显的片层堆积结构,在作用力下容易破碎为具有较大比表面积及吸附能力的微米级微晶及碳质颗粒,和硫化后的催化剂颗粒一起为加氢反应提供载焦中心,优先吸附大分子自由基从而明显减少壁相焦的生成。     

二硫化铼的原位高压偏振拉曼光谱

高压调控是一种能够对材料的结构、电学、光学等物理特性实现高效、连续且可逆变化的实验手段;拉曼光谱则是一种能够对材料的晶相等结构信息实现精准、快速、无损分析的研究方法.本文结合了金刚石对顶砧高压技术和原位偏振拉曼光谱技术,对二硫化铼(ReS₂)晶体的拉曼振动模式随压强的演变过程进行了深入研究.实验发现ReS₂的常压相(1T’)在3.04 GPa的压强下转变为一个扭曲1T’相,继而在14.24 GPa压强下发生了Re₄原子簇的层内形变,并且在22.08和25.76 GPa分别发生了不同方向的层间无序叠加向有序叠加的转变.这一系列独特的实验现象充分展现了该二维材料的面内各向异性,并证实ReS₂晶体的各向异性随压强的增加而变得愈发显著.本文研究表明压强在调节材料性能方面的关键作用,揭示了ReS₂晶体在制备各向异性光学器件和光电器件等方面的潜力.     

Analysis of Optical Readout Sensitivity for Uncooled Infrared Detector

An optical readout uncooled infrared detector, employing a substrate-free focal plane array with pitch size 60μm, is established. The reflector deformation induced by the stress mismatching of the bi-layer structure is discussed and, in turn, a universal solution to determine both the optical readout sensitivity and the optimal filter position is found. By applying this solution, the optical readout sensitivity for the ideal plane reflector could theoretically increase by 80% as compared with the conventional operation, and the sensitivity loss caused by the reflector deformation can also be reduced to a reasonable level.     

Spectroscopic measurements and terahertz imaging of the cornea using a rapid scanning terahertz time domain spectrometer

Spectroscopic measurements and terahertz imaging of the cornea are carried out by using a rapid scanning terahertz time domain spectroscopy(THz-TDS) system.A voice coil motor stage based optical delay line(VCM-ODL) is developed to provide a rather simple and robust structure with both the high scanning speed and the large delay length.The developed system is used for THz spectroscopic measurements and imaging of the corneal tissue with different amounts of water content,and the measurement results show the consistence with the reported results,in which the measurement time using VCM-ODL is a factor of 360 shorter than the traditional motorized optical delay line(MDL).With reducing the water content a monotonic decrease of the complex permittivity of the cornea is observed.The two-term Debye relaxation model is employed to explain our experimental results,revealing that the fast relaxation time of a dehydrated cornea is much larger than that of a hydrated cornea and its dielectric behavior can be affected by the presence of the biological macromolecules.These results demonstrate that our THz spectrometer may be a promising candidate for tissue hydration sensing and practical application of THz technology.     

High-Repetition-Rate and High-Beam-Quality Laser Pulses with 1.5 MW Peak Power Generation from a Two-Stage Nd:YVO_4 Amplifier

We develop a two-stage end-pumped Nd:YVO_4 amplifier seeded by a passively Q-switched microchip laser. An average output power of 13.5 W with repetition rate up to 7 kHz and pulse duration of ～1.24 ns is obtained,corresponding to a pump extraction efficiency of 16.1%(19.5% for the second stage) and peak power of ～1.5 MW.The beam quality factors at maximum output power are measured to be M_x~2= 1.56 and M_y~2= 1.48. We introduce an analytical model to estimate gain and beam quality after amplification. This model focuses on the influence of ratio of seed spot radius to pump spot radius when designing an amplifier. Moreover, our experiments reveal that the re-imaging system in the double-pass configuration can be used to enhance the beam quality.