农林废弃生物质与煤共气化灰渣的理化特性研究进展

农林废弃生物质与煤共气化通过充分利用两者的相似性和互补性,实现原料转化过程的节能、低碳、清洁高效。原料灰渣的理化特性是影响共气化稳定运行的关键因素之一,成为了共气化研究关注的重点。本综述主要从农林废弃生物质灰与煤灰的共性与差异、混合灰渣熔融与黏温特性、混合灰中碱/碱土金属对共气化反应性和结渣过程烧结行为的影响等方面,梳理了世界各国农林废弃生物质与煤共气化灰渣理化特性的研究现状。总结分析了添加农林废弃生物质对混合灰熔融流动、烧结行为的影响机制,归纳了混合灰熔融特征、黏温及结渣特性的预测模型与方法,并提出了农林废弃生物质与煤共气化灰渣的未来研究重点。     

甲醇为氢源的连续化催化转移加氢合成芳胺

开发了一种温和高效的以甲醇为氢源，以Ru-Fe双金属为催化剂的硝基芳烃连续化转移加氢方法。采用浸渍法制备Ru-Fe双金属催化剂，通过电感耦合等离子体-质谱(ICP-MS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD）、氢气程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)对催化剂进行表征。结果表明催化剂具有较小的粒径和较好的分散性。在Ru-Fe双金属催化剂上，成功实现了硝基芳烃与甲醇在无外加氢源条件下的连续化转移加氢合成芳胺。通过对反应条件的调控，成功得到了一系列产率较高的胺类化合物。特别地，该方法对不饱和基团(醛基、羰基或炔基)取代的硝基芳烃的加氢表现出优异的选择性和转化率。     

Elastic behaviour of a wedge sharp crack emanating from a disclination dipole near a semi-elliptical blunt crack

The interaction between a wedge disclination dipole and a crack emanating from a semi-elliptic hole is investigated. Utilising the complex variable method, the closed form solutions are derived for complex potentials and stress fields. The stress intensity factor at the tip of the crack and the image force acting on the disclination dipole center are also calculated. The influence of the morphology of the blunt crack and the position of the disclination dipole on the shielding effect to the crack and the image force is examined in detail. The results indicate that the shielding or anti-shielding effect to the stress intensity factor increases when the wedge disclination dipole approaches the tip of the crack. The effects of the morphology of the blunt crack on the stress intensity factor of the crack and the image force are very significant.     

Shielding Effect and Emission Criterion of a Screw Dislocation Near an Interfacial

Shielding effect and emission criterion of a screw dislocation near an interracial crisscross crack are dealt with in this paper. Utilizing the conformal mapping technique, the closed-form solutions are derived for complex potentials and stress fields due to a screw dislocation located near the interracial crisscross crack. The stress intensity factor on the crack tips and the critical stress intensity factor for dislocation emission are also calculated. The influence of the orientation of the dislocation and the morphology of the crisscross crack as well as the material elastic dissimilarity on the shielding effect and the emission criterion is discussed in detail. The results show that positive screw dislocations can reduce the stress intensity factor of the interracial crisscross crack tip （shielding effect）. The shielding effect increases with the increase of the shear modulus of the lower half-plane, but it decreases with the increase of the dislocation azimuth angle and the distance between the dislocation and the crack tip. The critical loads at infinity for dislocation emission increases with the increase of emission angle and the vertical length of the crisscross crack, and the most probable angle for screw dislocation emission is zero. The present solutions contain previous results as special cases.     

源于一道物理试题的数学发现

1．发现问题 （福建省福州市2009年高三最后一次模拟考试第21题）某人用如图1所示的方法传递物品．将一根长为L=8．0m的不可伸长的细绳，两端固定在相距为d=4．0m的A，B两等高点，运送物品的吊篮上方安装一只滑轮P，     

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF THE LARGE DEFLECTION OF AN ELASTIC-PLASTIC BEAM

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化学课堂笔记状况与学习成绩关系调查与思考

调查分析学生记课堂笔记的状况与化学成绩的相关性，提出了相应的教学对策，开发全体学生的智力和能力。     

M_6~(0,±)(M=Os,Ir,Pt)团簇结构与性质的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)中的杂化密度泛函(B3LYP)方法,在LANL2DZ基组水平上对M06,±(M=Os,Ir,Pt)团簇的各种可能构型进行了几何结构优化,得出各团簇的最稳定构型,并对其能量、振动频率、热力学性质、核独立化学位移(NICS)和极化率进行了理论研究.结果表明,M06,±(M=Os,Ir)团簇的基态都是三棱柱结构,Pt-6团簇的基态是平面三角形结构;M06,±(M=Os,Ir,Pt)团簇生成焓都为负值,热力学上是稳定的;NICS值都为负值,表明M06,±(M=Os,Ir,Pt)团簇都具有芳香性,其中Os-6团簇的芳香性最强;从光谱分析来看,Os6的IR和Raman谱的较强吸收峰的个数最多,Ir6的IR和Raman谱的最强吸收峰都只有一个,IR最强吸收峰在137.0和143.5 cm-1之间,Raman谱最强的吸收峰位于169.5 cm-1处;Pt6的IR和Raman谱的最强吸收峰分别位于50.2和194.7 cm-1处.     

FePO4·4H2O的脱水动力学研究

用热分析（TG—DTG—DTA）、X射线衍射（XRD）技术研究了固态物质FePO4·4H2O在空气中脱水过程。热分析结果表明,FePO4·4H2O在空气中脱水的质量变化率与理论计算相吻合。XRD结果表明,FePO4·4H2O脱水产物为FePO4。由等转换率法得到脱水过程的活化能,依此为初始值,用多元非线性回归得到了失水反应拟合的最可几模型为两步连串反应：D4→Fn,活化能分别为79．62和103．04kJ·mol^-1,lgA值分别为8．40和11．02。     

免疫亲和色谱-高效液相色谱法测定河水和土壤中克百威、三唑磷和绿磺隆残留量

将河水或土壤样品的丙酮提取液通过串联的分别装有克百威、三唑磷和绿磺隆免疫亲和吸着剂的3支免疫亲和色谱柱(IAC)或同时装有上述3种吸着剂的多抗体IAC,对样品中克百威、三唑磷及绿磺隆3种农药进行分离。采用串联IAC分离时,在样品溶液过柱后,将串联的IAC柱分开,并用不同配比的甲醇-水溶液分别从3支IAC柱上洗脱农药,用ELISA和HPLC分别测得农药的含量。采用多抗体IAC分离时,用甲醇-水溶液洗脱后,用上述两种方法测得洗脱液中3种农药的含量。对2种分离方法作回收和精密度试验,两方法的回收率和重复性基本一致。