关于任意边界缺口或裂纹群问题的一类解法——(Ⅱ)缺口群的计算

本文是欧阳鬯所作文“关于任意边界缺口或裂纹群问题的一类解法(I)解析方法”的继续。这里我们利用该文提出的理论和公式对缺口群问题进行了实际计算。在计算中对该文陈述的参数平面上边界条件计算方法作了改动。数值计算实例表明:在所研究的特征参数,例如本文中的L,的适当范围内,所叙述的方法是行之有效的。     

On crack propagation in a coupled thermomechanical system of nonlinear media

In some engineering problems.thermo-mechanical coupling is im-portant and may not be ignored.This paper deals With the crackpropagation problem in a coupled thermo-mechanical system of non-linear media.Various nonlinear media.including nonlinear e-lastic and elastic-plastic cases,have been considered and therelated path-independent integrals are given.To explain thephysical meaning of these integrals,a notched specimen hasbeen considered.and the dynamical crack extension force in acoupled thermo-mechanical system is shown to be equal to thisintegral.Thus.we could consider such integrals as some non-linear criteria for coupled thermo-mechanical fracture dynamics.     

On a class of method for solving problems with random boundary notches and/or cracks

As we know, problems with boundary imperfections (notches or cracks) are the more important one in practical fracture analysis. Frequently, these imperfections would appear in the boundaries of the bodies as a randomly distributed group, and under the loading circumstances would grow up to be unstable cracks which induces catastrophic fracture of the bodies. For right evaluation the fracture behavior of the bodies with such boundary imperfections, it demands mathematical solutions for problems with random boundary notches and/or cracks.     

非线性断裂动力学中的路径无关积分和断裂准则

本文考虑非线性断裂动力学中的路径无关积分和断裂准则.在讨论中计入了动力效应和裂纹的传播现象,考虑了裂纹在非线性弹性介质中的传播以及在弹塑性介质中的传播二种情况,作出了一些相应的路径无关积分.作为例子.讨论了裂纹的定常传播情况.最后,给出了这种路径无关积分的力学意义.说明它可用来作为非线性断裂动力学的一种断裂准则.     

基于微波加热对纯水氢键结构的拉曼光谱研究

微波非热效应是指除了热效应以外的其他效应,如电效应和磁效应。微波化学在有机合成中起着重要的作用,其是否存在微波非热效应一直存在争议。通过对纯水在两种不同加热方法(油浴和微波)下的拉曼光谱分析,来验证微波非热效应的存在。发现,微波电场对纯水中氢键的破坏要比传统加热更加的强烈。通过分析纯水中各种氢键结构的变化,总结出微波电场对纯水的作用机理,以及微波非热效应对纯水结构的影响。     

扶手椅型缺陷硫化钼纳米带电子性质的第一性原理计算

基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算,研究了含空位缺陷的扶手椅型二硫化钼纳米带的电子性质.发现缺陷会导致纳米带结构稳定性降低,单空位钼缺陷和三空位缺陷使得纳米带从半导体变成金属性,而单空位硫缺陷和两种双空位缺陷仅减小纳米带的带隙;电子态密度和能带的本征态表明缺陷纳米带费米能级附近的杂质态主要是缺陷态的贡献.研究了四类半导体性质的纳米带带隙与宽度的关系,对于完整的纳米带,带隙随宽度以3为周期振荡变化;而引入空位缺陷后,纳米带的带隙振荡不再具有周期且振荡幅度变小.同时发现,当缺陷的浓度变小后,缺陷仅使纳米带的带隙减小,不会使其变为金属性.这些结果有望打开其在新型纳电子器件中的应用潜能.     

延迟片法测量光学玻璃电流传感头线性双折射

测量光学传感头内线性双折射的大小对于提高光学电流传感器的性能有重要意义.本文报告了一种测量光学玻璃电流传感头线性双折射的新方法,以琼斯矩阵为数学工具给出了对该方法的理论分析及测量不确定度分析,并用实验方法给出了应用实例.此方法的主要优点是弥补了以前报告测量方法的不足,即无法唯一地确定光学玻璃电流传感头线性双折射的大小.本方法采用的光路所用元件容易获得且测量结构简单实用.     

2-噻吩甲胺的合成研究

以2-噻吩甲醛为原料,通过与盐酸羟胺的肟化反应制得2-噻吩甲醛肟,然后将其在氢氧化钠水溶液中用锌粉还原生成了2-噻吩甲胺。提供了一条合成2-噻吩甲胺的新路线,2步反应的总收率为64%。文中对上述2步反应的条件分别进行了优化。考察了溶液酸碱度,温度和时间对肟化反应的影响,并     

电喷雾萃取电离质谱法用于掺假白酒的快速分析

采用自行研制的电喷雾萃取电离源(EESI)与LTQ-XL质谱仪耦合,并结合主成分分析(PCA)和聚类分析(CA),建立了一种能在无需样品预处理的条件下直接、快速、准确鉴别茅台等八种掺假白酒(混掺水和工业酒精,且通过酒精计调控掺假酒的酒精度与真酒保持一致)的新方法. 同时,利用串联质谱能够对目标组分进行准确鉴定. 研究结果表明,EESI-LTQ-MS检测单个样品的时间小于1 min,且重现性好,PCA区分正确率高达96.5%. 通过设置未知样分析进一步验证了该方法的可行性. 此外,还结合单光子电离飞行时间质谱法(SPI-TOF-MS)对检测谱图进行对比分析. 阐述了EESI和SPI两种电离技术在挥发性有机物分析上具有各自的优势,且两种检测手段具有互补的特点. 为市场上酒类饮品真假的快速鉴别及品质鉴定建立了一个综合的分析方法,对于快速筛选伪劣酒类产品具有非常重要的应用价值.     

A biosensor based on graphene nanoribbon with nanopores: a first-principles devices-design

A biosensor device,built from graphene nanoribbons(GNRs) with nanopores,was designed and studied by firstprinciples quantum transport simulation.We have demonstrated the intrinsic transport properties of the device and the effect of different nucleobases on device properties when they are located in the nanopores of GNRs.It was found that the device’s current changes remarkably with the species of nucleobases,which originates from their different chemical compositions and coupling strengths with GNRs.In addition,our first-principles results clearly reveal that the distinguished ability of a device’s current depends on the position of the pore to some extent.These results may present a new way to read off the nucleobases sequence of a single-stranded DNA(ssDNA) molecule by such GNRs-based device with designed nanopores