Design and performance study of the LEPD silicon tracker onboard the CSES satellite

The low energy particle detector (LEPD) is one of the main payloads onboard the China seismic electromagnetic satellite (CSES). The detector is designed to ascertain space electrons (0.1-10 MeV) and protons (2-50 MeV). It has the capability of identifying the electrons and protons, to measure the energy spectrum and the incident angle of the particles. The LEPD is made up of a silicon tracker system, a CsI (Tl) mini-calorimeter, an anti-coincidence system made by plastic scintillator, as well as electronics and a data acquisition system (DAQ). The tracker is also a kind of E-E telescope; it consists of two layers of double-sided silicon strip detectors (DSSD). The signals emerging from the silicon tracker can be read out by two pieces of application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), which also can generate an event trigger for the LEPD. The functions of the DSSD system in the LEPD for charged particles were tested by 241Am @5.486 MeV α particles. The results show that the DSSD system works well, and has high performance to detect charged particles and measure the position of incident particles.     

A geometric factor calculation method based on the isotropic flux assumption

One of the instruments onboard the China Seismic Electromagnetic Satellite （CSES） is the Low Energy Particle Detector （LEPD）. The primary objective of LEPD is to provide measurements of the fluxes, energy spectra and pitch angles of 100 keV to 10 MeV electrons and protons from 2 to 50 MeV in the Earth＇s magnetosphere. The geometric factor is one of the principle parameters of a detector, which converts the physical quantity-count rate to the particle quantity-flux. In this paper, we calculated the geometric factor of LEPD via computer modeling of an isotropic radiation environment. It was first demonstrated that the radiation intensity related should obey a cosine-law, then a general sampling method of generating this distribution via GPS of GEANT4 was explained. Furthermore, combined with flux normalization, a comparison of the geometric factor calculation of a set of 2-layer detectors with different shapes （cylinder, truncated cone and rectangle） was performed. Results show a generally good agreement between simulation and analytical calculations for the cylinder and truncated cone detectors, and the result of the rectangular one, for which there is no accurate analytical formula, is consistent with the previous simulated results by others. As a practical instance of the 2-layer rectangle detector, the geometric factor of LEPD is 10.336±0.036 m cm2·sr for 10 MeV proton and 8.211±0.032 m cm2·sr for 8 MeV electron.     

用电势分析法解一段含源电路和复杂电路

在高中物理电路问题的教学中,经常用部分电路欧姆定律和全电路欧姆定律配合求解简单电路问题,但在求解一段含源电路和复杂电路问题时,采用这种方法往往无能为力。笔者在教学中尝试引入求解这类问题的有效方法——电势分析法,从而解决了上述困难,提高了学生对电路规律的认识.     

重复频率电磁脉冲对氢闸流管栅极的触发干扰

针对重复频率电磁脉冲（EMP）干扰,以氢闸流管的栅极触发电路为研究对象,进行了氢闸流管悬置与共地两种不同的条件下氢闸流管第一栅极与第二栅极的电磁干扰研究。结果表明,两种条件下两个栅极均存在较强烈的电磁干扰,干扰主要来源于空间电磁辐射与共地耦合两个方面;针对重复频率EMP环境下氢闸流管触发的可靠性,分别进行了不同重复频率EMP数量与不同重复频率EMP时间间隔下氢闸流管的输出实验。结果表明,两种情况均对氢闸流管的触发产生影响,重复频率EMP数量增多与间隔减小均使氢闸流管误触发的可能性增大,对比理论分析与实验结果,认为该现象是由于重复频率EMP累积效应与重复频率EMP高频分量增强从而导致交互作用耦合增强所引起。     

新型被动在轨非连接支撑研究现状

支撑结构是低温贮箱及飞行器杜瓦瓶的关键部件,对低温燃料液体的承装及其漏热有重要影响。文中阐述了低温绝热支撑近几年的研究进展,针对新型被动在轨非连接支撑(简称PODS),就其结构、材料及其他相关问题进行了分析。随着新型被动在轨非连接支撑研究的深入,其在空间及工业低温贮箱领域将会获得广泛应用。     

In-Band Pumped High Power Ho：YAG Ceramic Laser by a Tm：YLF Laser

High-power 2 μm lasers are promising candidates for a variety of applications including remote sens- ing, wind lidar, and medicine as well as mid- infrared generation via pumping of optical parametric oscillators. Due to the advantages of low quantum defects and high efficiency, resonantly pumped Ho- doped lasers have attracted great attention. Ho：YAG single crystals have also been widely studied to ob- tain cw and Q-switched laser operation in the 2 μm wavelengths range.     

Measuring Carrier-Envelope Phase of Few-Cycle Laser Pulses Using High-Order Above-Threshold Ionization Photoelectrons

We experimentally demonstrate the measurement of carrier-envelope phase of few-cycle laser pulses. We have built a stereo above-threshold ionization setup. The photoelectron energy spectra of high-order above-threshold ionization are measured in both the left and right directions in the linearly polarized laser fields. It is shown that the left-right asymmetry of the spectra is dependent on carrier-envelope phase of few-cycle laser pulses. Two asymmetry parameters from the low-energy and high-energy regions at the above-threshold ionization plateau map a phase ellipse, in which the points indicate the absolute value of carrier-envelope phase. We have calibrated the phase ellipse by comparison with the semiclassical calculation. This setup allows us to determine the value of the absolute phase of few-cycle laser pulses.     

基于氢闸流管感应叠加技术的电磁脉冲源实验

介绍了一种基于感应叠加技术的重复频率脉冲源,分析了同轴屏蔽输出结构磁场的分布。实验时,充电电源工作电压为25 kV,脉冲输出重复频率为20 Hz,2个氢闸流管器件参数相差较大,栅极触发时钟存在约5 ns延时。实验结果表明:氢闸流管触发稳定可靠,输出的脉冲前沿及稳定性仍然不受影响,输出脉冲幅值约为50 kV,证明了感应叠加技术应用于气体开关的可行性。     

缓冲层对LBO晶体上1 064 nm|532 nm二倍频增透膜的激光损伤阈值的影响

采用电子束蒸发方法在LBO晶体上制备了无缓冲层和具有不同缓冲层的1 064 nm,532 nm二倍频增透膜.利用Lambda900分光光度计和调Q脉冲激光装置对样品的光学性能和抗激光损伤性能进行了测试分析.结果表明,所有样品在1 064 nm和532 nm波长的剩余反射率都分别小于0.1％和0.2％.与无缓冲层样品相比,采用SiO2和MgF2缓冲层薄膜的激光损伤阈值分别提高了23.1％和25.8％,而Al2O3缓冲层的插入却导致薄膜的激光损伤阈值降低.通过观察薄膜的激光损伤形貌,分析破斑的深度信息和电场分布,表明LBO晶体上1 064 nm,532 nm二倍频增透膜的激光损伤破坏主要表现为膜层剥落,激光产生的热冲击应力使薄膜应力发生很大变化,超过膜层之间的结合而引起膜层之间的分离.采用SiO2或MgF2缓冲层可改进Al2O3膜层的质量,从而有利于提高薄膜的激光损伤阈值.     

中信银行：现金管理的数字思维

在互联网思维和大数据技术攻势下,银行的现金管理业务也已经形成一个生态圈。随着电子银行的蓬勃发展,它的概念和服务半径越来越大,服务渠道越来越广,商业银行现金管理业务也在不断扩展和跨界融合,逐渐真正形成向交易银行的转型。观念决定行动,“左手技术、右手产品”的战略框架,再加上掌握着交易和行为两组数据的优势,