采用生命周期影响评价软件ReCiPe2016研究煤矸石和煤燃烧时As和Pb排放的环境效应

在煤和煤矸石燃烧的过程中，许多重金属污染物排放到大气中，从而造成严重的环境问题，因此研究煤燃烧过程中重金属排放的环境效应很有必要。本研究运用ReCiPe2016软件计算了煤矸石和煤在330 MW煤粉炉、50 kW循环流化床和实验室燃烧时As和Pb排放的环境影响值。结果表明当煤在330 MW煤粉炉燃烧的时候，底渣、飞灰、烟气中的As排放对环境的影响值分别是3.28×10^-6、2.68×10^-5、3.89×10^-3，底渣、飞灰、烟气中的Pb排放对环境的影响值分别是8.57×10^-6、6.00×10^-5、4.83×10^-2。底渣中的As和Pb排放对环境的影响比飞灰中低；As和Pb排放到大气对环境的影响比排放到土壤高。另外，当煤在50 kW循环流化床燃烧的时候，飞灰中的As和Pb排放对环境的影响值分别是3.26×10^-5和1.28×10^-4，底渣中的As和Pb排放对环境的影响值分别是1.16×10^-6和1.43×10^-5。本文的研究结果还表明当煤矸石在实验室燃烧的时候，随着燃烧温度的升高，As和Pb排放对环境的影响值升高。另外，As和Pb排放到大气对环境的影响占总环境的影响比例比排放到土壤高。此项研究还表明当煤在煤粉炉和循环流化床燃烧的时候，相同工况下Pb排放对环境的影响比As高。这项结果也为运用生命周期影响评价软件预测煤矸石在循环流化床燃烧As和Pb排放的环境影响提供基础数据。     

EFFECT OF ADSORPTION ON THE VISCOSITY OF DILUTE POLYMER SOLUTION*

Careful measurements of the dilute solution viscosities of polyethylene glycol and polyvinylalcohol in water were carried out. The reduced viscosities of both polymer solutions plot upward curves atextremely dilute concentration levels similar to the phenomena observed for many polymer solutions in theearly 1950's. Upon observation of the changes of the flow times of pure water in and the wall surfacewettability of the viscometer after measuring solution viscosity, a view was formed that the observed viscosityabnormality at extremely dilute concentration regions is solely due to the effect of adsorption of polymerchains onto the wall surface of viscometer. A theory of adsorption effect based on the Langmuir isothermswas proposed and a mathematical analysis for data treatment was performed. The theory could adequatelydescribe the existing viscosity data. It seems necessary to correct the viscosity result of dilute polymersolutions measured by glass capillary viscometer by taking into account the effect of adsorption in all cases.     

光谱法水质监测仪器和方法国内专利状况分析

水质动态数据可以为水环境可持续发展提供数据支撑,而水质监测仪器和方法的发展是获取准确水质数据和制定污染防治规划的关键. 目前光谱法水质监测仪器和方法相关专利的发展方向尚不明确. 基于万方数据知识服务平台的专利数据库,检索获得1993年至2022年在国内申请的光谱法水质监测相关仪器和方法的专利数据,对专利的申请情况、专利授权的仪器和方法所涉及的仪器类型、专利权申请主体及分布区域等方面进行比较分析,通过比较研究揭示当前国内光谱法水质监测仪器和方法的发展趋势,以期为政府、科研机构及企业相关人员制定光谱法水质监测仪器及方法的技术研发等提供决策依据.     

贫煤O_2/CO_2气氛下燃烧时内在矿物质对SO_2和NO_x排放特性的影响

利用管式炉反应器在550-1 000℃对长治贫煤和脱矿物质煤分别在空气和O_2/CO_2气氛进行了燃烧实验。利用XRF、XRD等分析手段,对煤样的基本性能进行了分析表征,并采用热分析仪(TG-DTG)以及傅里叶红外气体分析仪(AntarisIGS)对贫煤燃烧过程中的燃烧特性和SO_2和NO_x释放规律进行了研究。结果表明,与原煤相比,脱矿物质煤的着火温度和燃烬温度有所降低;O_2/CO_2气氛下,原煤和脱矿物质煤的着火温度和燃烬温度都升高,说明当O_2浓度为20%时,空气气氛比O_2/CO_2气氛更易于着火和燃烬。此外,与长治原煤相比,脱矿物质煤在相同条件下燃烧时SO_2的释放量明显提高,而NO_x的释放量却有所降低。O_2/CO_2气氛下原煤燃烧时SO_2浓度比空气气氛下的要高,而脱矿物质煤燃烧时释放的SO_2浓度明显比空气气氛下的低;O_2/CO_2气氛下原煤和脱矿物质煤燃烧时释放的NOx浓度比空气气氛下燃烧时释放的NO_x浓度要低。     

Vibration analysis of a rod with complex boundary conditions

This paper deals with the forced longitudinal vibration of a rod carrying a concentrated mass and supported by a spring at one end. The vibration of the rod is excited by the motion of the support point at the other end. Since the boundary conditions of the problem are complex and it is necessary to consider the damping, we determine only the steady state periodic solution. First the linear system is analysed; then the material nonlinearity is considered and the approximate analytic solution of nonlinear partial differential equation with nonlinear boundary conditions is obtained by the perturbation method.     

VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF A ROD WITH COMPLEX BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

This paper deals with the forced longitudinal vibration ora rod carrying a concentrated mass and supported by a spring at one end. The vibration of the rod is excited by the motion of the support point at the other end Since the boundary conditions of the problem are complex and it is necessary to consider the damping, we determine only the steady state periodic solution. First the linear system is analysed, then the material nonlinearity is considered and the approximate analytic solution of nonlinear partial differential equation with nonlinear boundary conditions is obtained by the perturbation method.     

关于高中物理学习的对话

 物理是高中阶段的一门重要课程。同学们经过一段时间的学习,既对高中物理的特点有了一定认识,也对物理学习中的酸甜苦辣有了切身体验。不过,对如何才能学好物理,大家可能还有些困惑,今天,老师打算与同学们共同探讨一下这个问题。学生甲:老师,请您谈谈物理是怎样的一门课程,好吗?     

表面等离激元共振生物传感分析及应用

基于物理中发生在金属表面的表面等离激元现象 ,阐述表面等离激元共振生物传感分析原理 ;进而建立表面等离激元共振生物传感成像。给出应用表面等离激元共振研究生物单元相互作用的实例。