波前编码显微物镜景深扩展的研究

为了解决传统显微物镜景深与分辨率的矛盾,采用波前编码的方法,设计研究了波前编码的10倍显微物镜,结合传统光学设计软件,采用基于MTF一致性的相位板参数的优化方法,实现了在像面附近一定范围内系统的点扩散函数一致性;此外,还设计了扩展三次相位编码板的10倍显微物镜,比较了采用两种不同相位板系统的焦深扩展的效果,结果显示三次相位板的焦深扩展效果较好,可以将传统10倍显微物镜的焦深扩展15倍。成像模拟仿真结果显示滤波后的编码像在±15倍焦深范围内成像清晰,从而扩大了系统的景深。     

Energetics of He and H Atoms in W–Ta Alloys: First-Principle Calculations

Properties of various defects of He and H atoms in W-Ta alloys are investigated based on density functional theory. The tetrahedral interstitial site is the most configured site for self-interstitial He and H in W and W-Ta alloys. Only a single He atom favors a substitutional site in the presence of a nearby vacancy. However, in the coexistence of He and H atoms in the presence of the vacancy, the single H atom favors the tetrahedral interstitial site(TIS) closest to the vacancy, and the He atom takes the vacancy center. The addition of Ta can reduce the formation energy of TIS He or H defects. The substituted Ta affects the charge density distribution in the vicinity of the He atom and decreases the valence electron density of the H atoms. A strong hybridization of the H s states and the nearest W d state s exists in W_(53)He_1 H_1 structure. The sequence of the He p projected DOS at the Fermi energy level is in agreement with the order of the formation energy of the He-H pair in the systems.     

Evolutionary Prisoner's Dilemma Game Based on Pursuing Higher Average Payoff

We investigate the prisoner＇s dilemma game based on a new rule： players will change their current strategies to opposite strategies with some probability if their neighbours＇ average payoffs are higher than theirs. Compared with the cases on regular lattices （RL） and Newman-Watts small world network （NW）, cooperation can be best enhanced on the scale-free Barabasi-Albert network （BA）. It is found that cooperators are dispersive on RL network, which is different from previously reported results that cooperators will form large clusters to resist the invasion of defectors. Cooperative behaviours on the BA network are discussed in detail. It is found that large-degree individuals have lower cooperation level and gain higher average payoffs than that of small-degree individuals. In addition, we find that small-degree individuals more frequently change strategies than do large- degree individuals.     

用极谱法研究酸性大红GR与环糊精超分子体系

本文用线性扫描二阶导数极谱法研究了酸性大红与各种环糊精的超分子体系;测定了它们的包结常数和包结比,比较了它们的包结能力,初步探讨了影响包结能力大小的可能因素。     

与氢原子有关的原子光谱跃迁问题

本文以氢原子为例,阐述了玻尔的氢原子理论及引入相对论效应及量子理论后氢原子光谱的精细结构和超精细结构。同时,进一步在理论上深入探讨谱线精细结构、跃迁概率、谱线轮廓、谱线强度对原子光谱跃迁的影响,更深入地理解了原子光谱跃迁问题。     

Evolutionary prisoner’s dilemma on Newman-Watts social networks with an asymmetric payoff distribution mechanism

In this paper, we introduce an asymmetric payoff distribution mechanism into the evolutionary prisoner's dilemma game (PDG) on Newman--Watts social networks, and study its effects on the evolution of cooperation. The asymmetric payoff distribution mechanism can be adjusted by the parameter α: if α>0, the rich will exploit the poor to get richer; if α<0, the rich are forced to offer part of their income to the poor. Numerical results show that the cooperator frequency monotonously increases with α and is remarkably promoted when α>0. The effects of updating order and self-interaction are also investigated. The co-action of random updating and self-interaction can induce the highest cooperation level. Moreover, we employ the Gini coefficient to investigate the effect of asymmetric payoff distribution on the the system's wealth distribution. This work may be helpful for understanding cooperative behaviour and wealth inequality in society.     

FeNi合金纳米粒子的结构和磁性能

在超声、机械和微波等条件下,用水合肼还原铁盐和镍盐制备出不同形貌和组分的FeNi合金纳米粒子.利用X射线衍射(XRD)验证了纳米粒子是FeNi合金的结晶结构,同时X射线能谱(EDS)测定的纳米粒子中Fe和Ni的原子组成与投料时Fe/Ni摩尔比基本吻合.利用扫描电镜(SEM)观测了FeNi合金纳米粒子的形貌,结果显示:超声条件下采用3种投料比(Fe/Ni的摩尔比分别为4∶1,1∶1和1∶4)均制得球形纳米粒子,粒径均介于50～120 nm之间;机械搅拌条件下按Fe/Ni等摩尔投料比制得的纳米粒子结构为表面乳突状、粒径约100 nm的纳米球;微波条件下按Fe/Ni等摩尔投料比制得了尺度分布较宽的立方体型FeNi合金纳米粒子.由此可见,控制反应条件和投料摩尔比直接影响到:FeNi合金纳米粒子的形貌和尺寸.最后,利用振动样品磁强计(VSM)测定了各种FeNi合金纳米粒子在室温下的磁性能,所有FeNi合金纳米粒子均显示出良好的软磁材料特性.机械搅拌合成的Fe/Ni等摩尔投料比的纳米粒子具有最高的饱和磁化强度(92.68 A·m2/kg).     

运用液体声学理论研究超临界二氧化碳的声特性

利用液体声学模型,根据美国国家标准局提供的二氧化碳声速、密度、摩尔体积和绝热压缩系数数据,计算了气态、液态和超临界态二氧化碳在不同温度和压力条件下的摩尔声速、摩尔压缩系数及Van der Waals 常数. 分析发现,在较宽的温度和压力范围内,液体中的声学模型能够很好地运用于超临界态二氧化碳的研究. 并在液体声学模型适用范围内,计算了超临界二氧化碳在不同温度及压力状态下的表面张力、粘度、自扩散系数,为超临界流体技术提供了参考数据,并分析了这些参量的变化规律. 关键词： 超临界二氧化碳 声速 摩尔声速 摩尔压缩系数     

Perturbation solution to unsteady flow in a porous channel with expanding or contracting walls in the presence of a transverse magnetic field

An incompressible flow in a porous channel with expanding or contacting walls in the presence of a transverse magnetic field is considered. Using similarity transformations, the governing equations are reduced to the nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The exact similar solutions for the different cases of the expansion ratio and the Hartmann number are obtained with a singular perturbation method, and the associated behavior is discussed in detail.     

动态超高压微射流对卵清蛋白微观结构的影响

采用圆二色谱(CD)、X射线衍射(XRD)、ANS荧光探针和紫外(UV)光谱研究了动态超高压微射流对卵清蛋白微观结构的影响。结果表明：卵清蛋白的微观结构的变化与处理压力有关,CD显示不同压力处理的卵清蛋白二级结构中的α-螺旋,β-折叠,β-转角和无规卷曲之间发生相互转化,二级结构的有序性提高;X射线衍射图谱直观显示不同压力处理的卵清蛋白晶体结构增加,160 MPa处理下结晶区最大,说明蛋白结构的有序性提高,与CD分析结果相似;ANS荧光探针光谱显示卵清蛋白的表面疏水性随着处理压力的增大而提高,120 MPa处理下达到最大;紫外光谱显示随着处理压力的增大,卵清蛋白最大紫外吸光值下降,卵清蛋白分子表面的具有紫外吸收的芳香氨基酸残基被包埋于分子内部,卵清蛋白的三维结构发生改变。