Analysis of dynamic features in intersecting pedestrian flows

This paper focuses on the simulation analysis of stripe formation and dynamic features of intersecting pedestrian flows.The intersecting flows consist of two streams of pedestrians and each pedestrian stream has a desired walking direction.The model adopted in the simulations is the social force model, which can reproduce the self-organization phenomena successfully. Three scenarios of different cross angles are established. The simulations confirm the empirical observations that there is a stripe formation when two streams of pedestrians intersect and the direction of the stripes is perpendicular to the sum of the directional vectors of the two streams. It can be concluded from the numerical simulation results that smaller cross angle results in higher mean speed and lower level of speed fluctuation. Moreover, the detailed pictures of pedestrians' moving behavior at intersections are given as well.     

Passenger management strategy and evacuation in subway station under Covid-19

Under the background of Covid-19 sweeping the world, safe and reasonable passenger flow management strategy in subway stations is an effective means to prevent the spread of virus. Based on the social force model and the minimum cost model, the movement and path selection behavior of passengers in the subway station are modeled, and a strategy for passenger flow management to maintain a safe social distance is put forward. Take Qingdao Jinggangshan Road subway station of China as the simulation scene, the validity of the simulation model is verified by comparing the measured value and simulation value of the time required for passengers from getting off the train to the ticket gate. Simulation results indicate that controlling the time interval between incoming passengers at the entrance can effectively control the social distance between passengers and reduce the risk of epidemic infection. By comparing the evacuation process of passengers under different initial densities, it is found that the greater the initial density of passengers is, the longer the passengers are at risk social distance. In the process of passenger emergency evacuation, the stairs/escalators and ticket gates are bottleneck areas with high concentration of passenger density, which should be strictly disinfected many times on the basis of strictly checking the health code of incoming passengers and controlling the arrival time interval. The simulation results of this paper verify the harmfulness of passenger emergency evacuation without protective measures, and provide theoretical support for the operation and management of subway station under the epidemic situation.     

激光捷联惯导系统的外场动态标定方法

激光捷联惯导系统的误差参数随着时间的推移会发生变化,为了实现惯导系统长期稳定使用且不拆装系统,需要对外场动态条件下激光陀螺捷联惯导系统的系统级标定方法进行研究.首先根据线性时变系统的可现测性判据详细地分析了动态条件下捷联惯导系统的可观测性,从而给出了完全激励惯导系统12个误差参数(加速度计零偏、标度因数误差以及陀螺零偏...     

酯交换法联产的1,2-丙二醇中微量杂质的气相色谱-质谱分析

1,2-丙二醇是重要的化工原料,具有优良的杀菌性、湿润性、溶剂性,广泛用作香料、食品、化妆品、医药等的溶剂、湿润剂或保存剂等。为了使以碳酸丙烯酯为中间体生产碳酸二甲酯的酯交换联产的工业级1,2-丙二醇达到医药级标准,需要对1,2-丙二醇进行精制加工处理,所以必须对其杂质进行鉴定分析。但目前国内外还未见对酯交换反应联产的1,2-丙二醇中杂质进行分析的报道     

活性炭吸附对硝基苯酚的动力学和热力学研究

以生物质废弃物枣核为原料,通过Zn Cl2活化法制备了活性炭,采用低温N2吸附、FT-IR等对活性炭性能进行了表征。将该活性炭用于吸附对硝基苯酚,考察了吸附温度、溶液初始浓度等因素对吸附的影响,并对吸附动力学、热力学及吸附机理进行了研究。研究表明,枣核活性炭主要为微孔兼有一定中孔结构,比表面积为1096m2/g,平均孔径为2.2nm。该活性炭吸附对硝基苯酚的过程是一个快速吸附的过程,20min内吸附达平衡,符合准二级动力学模型;采用Toth和Redlich-Peterson模型描述对硝基苯酚在活性炭上的吸附更合适;热力学研究表明,该吸附过程为自发、吸热且体系混乱度减小的过程。利用生物质废弃物枣核制备活性炭并用于对硝基苯酚的吸附,具有一定的经济价值,实现以废治废的目的。     

关注数学课堂生成,促进学生思维发展

数学思维一般指学习和应用数学知识过程中所用的方法、思想等,也是数学理论与实际相联系的纽带.孔子云:“学而不思则罔”这句话完美地诠释了学习和思维之间的关系,只有将学习过程中出现的思维障碍、误区、盲点或难点等解决了,才能真正理解数学的真谛.而课堂作为思维活动的主要阵地,对促进学生思维的发展具有举足轻重的作用.     

石墨烯等离激元的光学性质及其应用前景

石墨烯等离激元由于其独特的电学可调性、本征低衰减以及局域光场高度增强等特性, 引起了广泛的关注并迅速成长为一门新的学科分支--石墨烯表面等离激元光子学. 本文介绍了石墨烯等离激元的一些基本性质, 包括色散关系、局域的等离激元和传导的等离激元以及石墨烯等离激元对其周边介电环境的敏感性等. 在此基础上, 进一步介绍了石墨烯等离激元在太赫兹到中红外频段的应用, 比如有源光调制器的一些功能器件和增强的红外光谱探测等.     

Dynamic feature analysis in bidirectional pedestrian flows

Analysis of dynamic features of pedestrian flows is one of the most exciting topics in pedestrian dynamics. This paper focuses on the effect of homogeneity and heterogeneity in three parameters of the social force model, namely desired velocity, reaction time, and body size, on the moving dynamics of bidirectional pedestrian flows in the corridors. The speed and its deviation in free flows are investigated. Simulation results show that the homogeneous higher desired speed which is less than a critical threshold, shorter reaction time or smaller body size results in higher speed of flows. The free dynamics is more sensitive to the heterogeneity in desired speed than that in reaction time or in body size. In particular, an inner lane formation is observed in normal lanes. Furthermore, the breakdown probability and the start time of breakdown are focused on. This study reveals that the sizes of homogeneous desired speed, reaction time or body size play more important roles in affecting the breakdown than the heterogeneities in these three parameters do.     

The interaction of nonlinear waves in two-dimensional dust crystals

This paper investigates the collision between two nonlinear waves with different propagation directions in two-dimensional dust crystals. Using the extended Poincaré--Lighthill-Kuo perturbation method, two Korteweg--de Vries equations for nonlinear waves in both the ξ and eta directions are obtained, respectively, and the analytical phase shifts and trajectories after the collision of two nonlinear waves are derived. Finally, the effects of parameters of the lattice constant a, the arbitrary constant u_0η, the forces f(r), and the colliding angle θ on the phase shifts of both colliding nonlinear waves are examined.     

高斯曲率、平均曲率和像散差

<正> 1.引言像散差是几何光学中的重要概念,在几何光学中把具有焦点的直线光线所形成的光束称为同心光束,相应的波阵面是以焦点为球心的球面。但是经过光学系统的折射或反射后,光束的同心性遭到破坏成为像散光束,相应的波阵面也变成一般的曲面,于是产生像散现象.像散的大小由像散光束的像散差来度量.所谓像散差就是在被研究的波阵面上取一曲面片 S,由微分几何可知,过 S 上的一点 P 总存在着两个相互垂直的主方向,设 C_1和 C_2是沿 P 点二主方向的法平面的截线 (主截线),且它们在 P 点的曲率中心分别是 F_1和 F_2(它们位于 P 点的法光线上),把 F_1和 F_2之间的距离称为 P 点的像散差.显然,同心光束的像散差为零.