溶剂萃取预处理对低阶煤大分子结构的影响（英文）

为了研究溶剂预处理对低阶煤的固有大分子结构的影响,本研究对锡林郭勒褐煤(XLL)和神府次烟煤(SFC)分别进行了四氢呋喃(THF)索氏抽提、二硫化碳/N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(CS2/NM P)混合溶剂抽提及热溶处理,并对所得抽余煤进行了傅里叶红外漫反射光谱分析(DRIFT)、热重分析(TGA)、压汞法分析(MI)和溶胀度测定。结果表明,溶剂抽提导致煤大分子结构重排和再缔合。其中,THF索式抽提和CS2/NM P混合溶剂抽提可以改变非共价键交联作用,特别是氢键作用分布,从而不同程度地松弛煤大分子结构。然而,高温溶剂热溶处理主要促进了煤大分子的共价键交联,尤其是对锡林郭勒褐煤(XLL)。所有抽取煤的溶胀都受Fickian扩散控制,且所有抽取煤的溶胀活化能都低于原煤。     

Transitional Area of Ce~(4+) to Ce~(3+) in Sm_xCa_yCe_(1-x-y)O_(2-δ) with Various Doping and Oxygen Vacancy Concentrations: A GGA + U Study

In this work,we perform DFT+U periodic calculations to study geometrical and electronic structures and oxygen vacancy formation energies of Sm_xCa_yCe_(1-x-y)O_(2-δ)systems(x=0.0312,0.0625,0.125 and 0.250;y=0.0312,0.0625,0.125 and 0.250;δ=0.0312,0.0625,0.125,0.250 and 0.50)with different oxygen vacancy and doping concentrations.The calculated results show that the V_1-Sm~(3+)-V_2 structures where there is a position relationship of the face diagonal between V_1 and V_2 both nearest to Sm~(3+)have the lowest energy configurations.The study on electronic structures of the Sm_xCa_yCe_(1-x-y)O_(2-δ)systems finds that excess electrons arise from oxygen vacancies and are localized on f-level traps of their neighbor Ce,and Ca~(2+)and Sm~(3+)co-doping effectively restrains the reduction of Ce~(4+).In order to avoid the existence of Ce~(3+),x and y must be both larger than 0.0625 asδ=0.125 orδmust be smaller than 0.125 as x=y=0.0625.The Ce~(3+)/Ce~(4+)change ratio k has an obvious monotonous increase with increasing the vacancy oxygen concentration.The introduction of Sm~(3+)decreases k.In addition,the doped Sm~(3+)can restrain the reduction of Ce~(4+)when the V_1-Sm~(3+)-V_2 structure with a face diagonal position relationship in lower reduced atmosphere exists.It need be pointed out that the Sm_(0.25)Ce_(0.75)O_(1.5) system should be thought of as a Sm-doped Ce_2O_3 one.     

脂肪酸(酯)脱氧制备生物燃料研究现状

随着全球能源消耗量的增长,传统化石燃料等不可再生能源将日趋枯竭且环境污染等弊端日益突显.利用绿色、可再生生物质资源,尤其是脂肪酸(酯)脱氧转化制备液体燃料已成为全球关注的热点.脂肪酸(酯)脱氧过程中氢源的不同,直接影响脱氧的反应路径、效率和成本.鉴于此,本文根据氢源的不同,综合分析了近年来脂肪酸(酯)的直接加氢脱氧、原位加氢脱氧、脱羧脱羰等过程的研究进展.提出了未来脱氧过程的主要发展方向和研究重点,为商业化脱氧技术的开发提供新的助力.     

KLa(MoO_4)_2∶Sm~(3+)红色荧光粉的温度特性

采用高温固相法制备了KLa(Mo O4)2∶Sm3+红色荧光粉,利用X射线衍射对晶体结构进行表征,发现不同浓度Sm3+掺杂的样品均为单斜相结构。测量了样品的激发和发射光谱,观察到样品在紫外区及可见蓝绿区均有强的激发带,在404 nm激发下存在4个发射峰。测量了不同温度下样品的发射光谱和荧光衰减曲线,对样品的荧光温度猝灭进行了分析,确定了样品发光的温度猝灭是由横向穿越所导致的,采用Arrhennius模型对实验数据进行拟合,确定激活能约为0.48 e V,表明荧光粉具有良好的热稳定性。     

结合透射CT的康普顿背散射图像重建

在康普顿散射成像(CST)技术中可以结合透射成像重建出衰减系数来消除散射重建的非线性,但这样得到的投影矩阵带有误差。而CST重建问题的不适定性对噪声和投影矩阵的误差非常敏感,重建结果会有较大误差。针对此问题,基于压缩感知理论提出了一种新的CST重建算法。新方法将图像重建问题归结为一个图像的全变分(TV)最小化问题,并使用收敛速度较快的基于交替方向法的Split-Bregman方法进行求解。在仿真实验中,通过与代数重建技术(ART)进行比较,在测量数据充足和测量数据不足两种情况下,本文算法都具有更好的重建质量,证明了所提算法在重建精度和抗噪性能方面的优势。     

法布里-珀罗干涉仪的调节研究与应用

法布里-珀罗多光束干涉仪的调节技巧,分别以钠、汞和激光为光源调节出清晰、理想的多光束干涉图样,并较精确的测定了氦氖激光的波长。     

Fast local reconstruction by selective backprojection for low dose in dental computed tomography

The high radiation dose in computed tomography (CT) scans increases the lifetime risk of cancer, which becomes a major clinical concern. The backprojection-filtration (BPF) algorithm could reduce the radiation dose by reconstructing the images from truncated data in a short scan. In a dental CT, it could reduce the radiation dose for the teeth by using the projection acquired in a short scan, and could avoid irradiation to the other part by using truncated projection. However, the limit of integration for backprojection varies per PI-line, resulting in low calculation efficiency and poor parallel performance. Recently, a tent BPF has been proposed to improve the calculation efficiency by rearranging the projection. However, the memory-consuming data rebinning process is included. Accordingly, the selective BPF (S-BPF) algorithm is proposed in this paper. In this algorithm, the derivative of the projection is backprojected to the points whose x coordinate is less than that of the source focal spot to obtain the differentiated backprojection. The finite Hilbert inverse is then applied to each PI-line segment. S-BPF avoids the influence of the variable limit of integration by selective backprojection without additional time cost or memory cost. The simulation experiment and the real experiment demonstrated the higher reconstruction efficiency of S-BPF.     

核子与原子核的奇异性产生和重味产生

本文简要评述中高能强子散射和电磁散射实验中原子核的奇异性产生与重味产生,并重点介绍该领域近年新实验结果和对奇异性产生反应机制的新认识。实际上,自上世纪70年代起已通过强子反应和光核反应开始了奇异性产生的研究工作。由于近年来SATURNE和COSY（强子探针）以及ELSA和JLab（电磁探针）的发展,提供了大量高精度的奇异性产生方面的实验数据,使人们能够深入研究奇异性产生的碰撞机制,进而研究重子谱与超核物理。本文评述奇异性产生在实验和理论两方面的新进展,包括核靶与核子靶两种情况,以及它们与核结构和强子结构研究的联系。本文最后对重味产生反应也进行适当介绍。