含Ce的水热体系中结构稳定性及变价现象

利用ＸＲＤ、ＩＲ及ＸＰＳ谱研究了含Ｃｅ的水热体系中产物及其经过各种后处理的样品结构稳定性及Ｃｅ离子的价态变化。结果表明，不同的原料导致Ｃｅ离子稳定于不同的价态，如直接形成包括纳米晶在内的ＣｅＯ２及一新相ＣｅＯＨＣＯ３，样品ＣｅＯＨＣＯ３经２ＧＰａ的冷压处理未发生结构转变，经高温焙烧处理得到具有高结晶度的棕红色的ＣｅＯ２，当初始原料为Ｃｅ２（ＳＯ４）３和Ｃｅ（ＮＯ３）３时，产物为ＣｅＯ２；而当初始原     

立方相KNb0.77Al0.23O2.77的水热合成与输运性质研究

用水热法合成了立方相KNb_0.77Al_0.23O_2.77通过调整初始铌源和反应介质的KOH浓度,还得到了正交相钙钛矿和一新相化合物.立方相产物采用XRD、DSC和XPS进行表征.低于1000℃的热处理不能导致立方KNb_0.77Al_0.23O_2.77发生结构相变.阻抗谱测量结果表明,离子输运机制归属于小极化子.而正交的同组分样品结构不稳定,在高温发生结构相变,导致电导率不连续.水热法得到的立方KNb_0.77Al_0.23O_2.77可望成为新一代电解质材料.     

偶氮苯聚合物5-NO2-PADAT及其与Pd(Ⅱ)的螯合物光存储特性

本文制备了偶氮苯聚合物5-NO₂-PADAT和它与Pd(Ⅱ)形成的螯合物,用简并四波混频的方法测量了它们的三阶非线性系数及光存储特性,通过对测量结果的分析,得到了光束在信号写入与读取过程中的关系。     

纳米晶(CeO2)1-x(BiO1.5)x固溶体的水热合成与离子输运性质研究

在240℃水热体系中首次合成出系列纳米晶固溶体(CeO₂)_1-x(BiO_1.5)_x(x=0.0～0.50).产物采用X射线衍射,扫描电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱仪进行表征.Bi₂O₃在CeO₂中的固溶限约为50%.所有固溶体结晶属立方萤石结构,粒度范围为10～18nm.当Bi₂O₃掺杂量小于固溶限时,于800℃烧结不会导致结构转变.而对于(CeO₂)_0.5(BiO_1.5)_0.5,于800℃在空气中烧结将导致固溶限降低.Bi₂O₃含量低于固溶限时,固溶体只具有体电导,而(CeO₂)_0.6(BiO_1.5)_0.4的总电导可分为体电导和晶界电导.体电导为氧离子,而晶界为来自电极的银离子.     

Microstructural Characteristics of Hydrothermally Synthesized LiFePO_4 and Relevant Impacts on the Electrochemical Performance

Phospho-olivine LiFePO 4 has been prepared using a facile hydrothermal method by optimizing the reaction temperatures.Structural and morphological properties of the as-prepared LiFePO 4 powders are systematically characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD),scanning electron microscopy (SEM),transmission electron microscopy (TEM),infrared spectra,UV-vis spectra,and M ssbauer spectroscopy.It is demonstrated that the samples prepared in the temperature range from 160 to 200 ℃ crystallize in a single phase of phospho-olivine structure.All particles are rod-like,showing dimensions of approximately 150～200 nm in width and 500～600 nm in length with a preferential growth direction of [001].Within the lattice of LiFePO 4 rods,Fe 2+ ions partially disorderly occupy the Li + sites,which increases the cell volume.The electrochemical performance of LiFePO 4 is investigated by charge/discharge experiments.It is found that LiFePO 4 rods prepared at 200 ℃ deliver a specific discharge capacity of 147 mAh g-1,which is apparently superior to those prepared at lower reaction temperatures like 160 and 180 ℃.This observation is explained in terms of the thinner surface noncrystalline layer and lower level of Fe 2+ disorderly occupying the Li + sites.     

Mapping the Compositions of Zinc Tantalate for Optimum Photocatalytic Performance in Degradation of Organic Pollutants

This work aims at mapping the compositions of zinc tantalate for optimum photocatalytic performance in degradation of organic pollutants. Three zinc tantalates, low-temperature form ZnTa2O6 (LT-ZnTa2O6), high-temperature form ZnTa2O6 (HT-ZnTa2O6), and Zn3Ta2O8 were prepared by solid state method. Photocatalytic activities of these zinc tantalates were tested for the degradation of methyl orange under UV irradiation and compared with Sr2Ta2O7, an efficient catalyst previously reported. It is found that the photocatalytic activity of these tantalates follows such a sequence: LT-ZnTa2O6 > Sr2Ta2O7 > HT-ZnTa2O6 > Zn3Ta2O8, in which LT-ZnTa2O6 shows an optimum activity at least twice higher than Sr2Ta2O7. This photocatalytic performance was revealed to primarily originate from the formation of ·OH radicals as indicated by photo- luminescence measurements. The synergistic effects of chemical compositions, crystal structure, and band structure on photocatalytic performances were discussed.     

纳米Ag,CeO2和Ag-CeO2的合成及在CO催化氧化中的应用

系统合成了不同粒径的CeO2和Ag纳米粒子及Ag-CeO2纳米复合粒子,并对其进行了结构表征和CO催化氧化性能测试.结果表明,Ag纳米粒子的催化活性较低,以其为催化剂时CO的最大催化转化率仅为40%,且粒径越小越容易失活;在CeO2纳米粒子催化下,CO的催化转化率可达到100%,但催化反应的温度较高(约350℃);与CeO2和Ag相比,Ag-CeO2的催化性能明显增强,CO在较低的温度(150℃)下可实现完全转化.程序升温还原(Temperature-programmed reduction,TPR)分析结果表明,纳米复合材料中Ag和CeO2之间的相互作用是产生优异催化性能的关键原因.     

水合石榴石Sr3Fe2(OH)12的温和水热合成与Mössbauer谱研究

在温和水热体系中合成出单相水合石榴石Sr3Fe2(OH)12.产物在573 K左右经历快速的与Sr最近邻的OH-断裂与分解过程,在空气或氧气中焙烧出现从Fe(Ⅲ)到Fe(Ⅳ)的氧化.骨架Fe离子价态变化直接决定分解过程及产物的结构类型.采用M(o)ssbauer谱联用XPS法测出sr-Fe水合石榴石品格中存在2种八面体Fe(OH)6.     

水合石榴石Sr3Fe2(OH)12的温和水热合成与M(o)ssbauer谱研究

在温和水热体系中合成出单相水合石榴石Ｓｒ３Ｆｅ２（ＯＨ）１２．产物在５７３Ｋ左右经历快速的与Ｓｒ最近邻的ＯＨ－断裂与分解过程，在空气或氧气中焙烧出现从Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）到Ｆｅ（Ⅳ）的氧化．骨架Ｆｅ离子价态变化直接决定分解过程及产物的结构类型．采用Ｍｏｓｓｂａｕｅｒ谱联用ＸＰＳ法测出Ｓｒ－Ｆｅ水合石榴石晶格中存在２种八面体Ｆｅ（ＯＨ）６．     

Self-assembled Nanohybrid from Opposite Charged Sheets: Alternate Stacking of CoAl LDH and MoS_2

Hybrid materials are attracting intensive attention for their applications in electronics, photoelectronics, LEDs, field-effect transistors, etc. Engineering new hybrid materials and further exploiting their new functions will be significant for future science and technique development. In this work, alternatively stacked self-assembled CoAl LDH/MoS_2 nanohybrid has been successfully synthesized by an exfoliation-flocculation method from positively charged CoAl LDH nanosheets(CoAl-NS) with negatively charged MoS_2 nanosheets(MoS_2-NS). The CoAl LDH/MoS_2 hybrid material exhibits an enhanced catalytic performance for oxygen evolution reaction(OER) compared with original constituents of CoAl LDH nanosheets and MoS_2 nanosheets. The enhanced OER catalytic performance of CoAl LDH/MoS_2 is demonstrated to be due to the improved electron transfer, more exposed catalytic active sites, and accelerated oxygen evolution reaction kinetics.