以活性炭为基材负载季鏻盐多孔碳材料的制备与表征

以市售普通活性炭为碳源,先对其进行强碱活化处理制得多孔碳材料,再经硝酸氧化后,通过水热溶剂法将季鏻阳离子负载于多孔碳上,得到功能化的多孔碳材料。通过比表面积(BET)、热重分析(TGA)、X射线衍射(XRD)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)以及ζ电位对其形貌和结构进行分析,并对其抗菌活性进行表征。结果表明,该方法成功合成了功能化多孔碳材料,该碳材料在水溶液中具有较好的分散性、稳定性和荷电性,并对大肠杆菌(E.coli)和金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)具有良好的抗菌活性。     

R&D of an LLRF control system for a 162.5 MHz radio frequency system

This paper describes a low level radio frequency control system that was developed by the Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, and will be used in Injector of the China-ADS project. The LLRF control system consists of an RF modulated front end, fast analog-to-digital converter (ADC) modules, and a digital signal processing board based on a field programmable gate array. The system has been tested on a room temperature cavity with 12-hr, and the results illustrate that the stability of amplitude and phase achieved ±0.32% and ±0.35 degrees, respectively.     

基于证据异常度的水下多源信息预处理方法

Dempster-Shafer证据理论在水下多源目标识别领域有着广泛而重要的应用, 但经典的证据理论在融合高度冲突的证据时往往会导致一些反常理的结果, 如Zadeh冲突悖论。针对这一问题,综合考虑证据体之间的冲突程度和支持程度,提出一种证据异常度的概念并对原始证据集进行异常检测,基于检测结果对原始证据体进行权重分配,引入全集项,修正证据源。在保持Dempster组合规则不变的前提下,进行有效的证据预处理,实验仿真结果验证了算法的有效性。证明对证据体进行有效的修正,可以改进经典证据理论的缺点,达到更好的融合结果。     

Probing Lattice Vibrations at SiO_2/Si Surface and Interface with Nanometer Resolution

Recent advances in monochromatic aberration corrected electron microscopy make it possible to detect the lattice vibrations with both high-energy resolution and high spatial resolution. Here, we use sub-10 meV electron energy loss spectroscopy to investigate the local vibrational properties of the SiO_2/Si surface and interface. The energy of the surface mode is thickness dependent, showing a blue shift as z-thickness(parallel to the fast electron beam)of SiO_2 film increases, while the energy of the bulk mode and the interface mode keeps constant. The intensity of the surface mode is well-described by a Bessel function of the second kind. The mechanism of the observed spatially dependent vibrational behavior is discussed and compared with dielectric response theory analysis. Our nanometer scale measurements provide useful information on the bonding conditions at the surface and interface.     

表面配体和器件结构对PbS胶体量子点电池性能的影响

利用吸收光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱和循环伏安等表征技术,分析了利用四丁基碘化铵(TBAI)和1,2-乙二硫醇(EDT)配体钝化处理的PbS胶体量子点的光学性质、表面化学及其能级结构,并在此基础上分别以PbS-TBAI薄膜、PbS-EDT薄膜和PbS-TBAI/PbS-EDT薄膜作为有源层制备了PbS胶体量子点/Zn O纳米粒子异质结太阳能电池,以比较研究表面配体和器件结构对器件光伏性能及其稳定性的影响。结果表明,TBAI和EDT均能与PbS胶体量子点表面原有的油酸配体实现良好置换,但是配体置换之后量子点表面均残留少量油酸分子; PbS-TBAI薄膜的导带底为-5.12 eV,价带顶为-3. 86 eV,而PbS-EDT薄膜的导带底为-4. 99 eV,价带顶为-3. 74 eV,后者相对前者出现了明显的能带上移; PbS-TBAI/PbS-EDT双配体器件的光伏性能最优,能量转化效率达到4. 43%;随着空气暴露时间的增加,PbS-TBAI/PbS-EDT双配体器件和PbS-TBAI单配体器件表现出相似的性能变化趋势,于3 d后达到最优光伏性能,而PbS-EDT单配体器件的空气稳定性差,3 d后的能量转换效率下降至初始效率的1/4。本工作的研究结果将不仅有助于加深对PbS胶体量子点电池性能变化规律的认识,而且有望促进该类电池制备技术的进一步优化。     

双面半色调印刷品Kubelka-Munk色彩预测模型

建立双面印刷品的色彩预测模型一直是印刷中的一个重要课题。将入射到印刷品的光根据其在垂直于印刷品中所走过的路径的不同, 将其分成四大部分, 即: 从正面油墨进入, 经过纸张, 再从反面油墨出射; 从正面油墨进入, 从纸张出射; 从正面空白区域入射, 从反面油墨出射以及直接穿过纸张。所建立的相关的模型以Kubelka-Munk四能流理论为基础, 通过对上述四部分的反射率与透射率相加便得到了整个双面印刷品的反射率与透射率。     

环氧树脂基近红外吸收涂层的近红外光谱、力学及耐盐水性能研究

以环氧树脂为粘合剂,Sm₂O₃为功能颜料,硅烷偶联剂和石墨烯为改性剂,制备得到了一种同时具有突出力学性能和耐盐水性能的近红外低反射率涂层。系统研究了Sm₂O₃添加量、硅烷偶联剂种类、硅烷偶联剂添加量和石墨烯添加量对涂层性能的影响。结果表明：Sm₂O₃添加量的增加可明显降低涂层对1.06μm近红外光的反射率,当Sm₂O₃添加量为50%,涂层对1.06μm近红外光的反射率可低至31.2%。此时,涂层的附着力和耐冲击强度分别可达到1级和50 kg·cm。用硅烷偶联剂改性涂层,偶联剂上的强极性基团分别可与涂层中的树脂基体和颜料形成共价键结合,从而可发挥桥连作用,进而可明显改善涂层的柔韧性,其中KH560的改性效果最佳。当KH560添加量为5%,涂层的柔韧性可从改性前的9 mm显著改善为改性后的4 mm。石墨烯具有特殊的共平面结构和超长共轭结构特征,使其对入射光的吸收可延伸到近红外区域。石墨烯特殊的片层结构使其具有很高的耐...     

基于多物理场模拟的阳极支撑微管燃料电池的结构优化设计

High volumetric power density (VPD) is the basis for the commercial success of micro-tubular solid oxide fuel cells (mtSOFCs). To find maximal VPD (MVPD) for anode-supported mtSOFC (as-mtSOFC), the effects of geometric parameters on VPD are analyzed and the anode thickness, t_an, and the cathode length, l_ca, are identified as the key design parameters. Thermo-fluid electrochemical models were built to examine the dependence of the electrical output on the cell parameters. The multiphysics model is validated by reproducing the experimental I-V curves with no adjustable parameters. The optimal l_ca and the corresponding MVPDs are then determined by the multiphysics model for 20 combinations of r_in, the inner tube radius, and t_an. And all these optimization are made at 1073.15 K. The results show that:(i) significant performance improvement may be achieved by geometry optimization, (ii) the seemingly high MVPD of 11 and 14 W/cm³ can be easily realized for as-mtSOFC with single-and double-terminal anode current collection, respectively. Moreover, the variation of the area specific power density with l_ca2(2 mm, 40 mm) is determined for three representative (r_in, t_an) combinations. Besides, it is demonstrated that the current output of mtSOFC with proper geometric parameters is comparable to that of planar SOFC.     

乙醇/水混合溶剂热法制备不同形貌的CuO晶体

以Cu(NO3)2·3H2O为原料,加入NaOH或NaOH+Na2CO3水溶液沉淀剂,生成Cu(OH)2或Cu2(OH)2CO3沉淀作前驱物,采用乙醇/水混合溶剂热法制备CuO.用FT-IR、XRD、SEM等方法对产物进行了表征.研究了溶剂的组成、前驱物的种类等因素对产物形貌及生成速率的影响.实验结果显示:以Cu2(OH)2CO3作前驱物,溶剂组成为V(C2H5OH):V(H2O)=1:2、150 ℃处理12 h可得形状规整的片状CuO;而以Cu(OH)2作前驱物,在相同条件下处理所得产物形貌为纺锤形.     

N,N'-二苄基乙二胺二乙酸盐的一锅法合成

以苯甲醛和乙二胺为原料,用一锅法经缩合、还原,成盐得产物N,N'-二苄基乙二胺二乙酸盐.产物通过质谱、核磁共振谱及元素分析,对其结构进行确证.与传统的方法相比产率有很大提高,而且反应条件温和,缩短了时间,简化了操作步骤.