目视式散射光度计

光散射法测定高聚物的分子量和高分子在溶液里的形态参数(均方半径 (?)或均方末端距 (?))在目前已经得到广泛的应用。在光散射实验中需要测定的量是高分子溶液的瑞利比(Rayleigh ratio)R_θ.R_θ=r~2(I_θ/I_0),式中 r 是散射中心到测量点间的距离,I_0是入射光强度,I_θ是对入射光方向成θ角度处的散射光强度。对一般高分子稀溶液来说,溶液的瑞利比大致在10~(-3)—     

EFFECT OF POLYMERIZATION CONDITIONS ON THE LADDERLIKE STRUCTURE OF POLYPHENYLSILSESQUIOXANE

The ladderlike structure of PPSQ synthesized by using four kinds of catalysts (MgF_2,LiF, KOH and DCC) at different polymerization conditions has been investigated by IRand NMR. In the system using MgF_2 as the main catalyst, the most important factorwhich affects the ladderlike structure of PPSQ is the composition of the dual catalysts,MgF_2 and DCC. PPSQ prepared by using KOH as the catalyst has the highest regularityof ladderlike structure among all samples. PPSQ with different degree of ladder regularitycan be obtained by choice of polymerization conditions.     

CHARACTERIZATION OF COMPOSITIONAL HETEROGENEITY OF SEGMENTED COPOLYMERS BY GPC TECHNIQUE

The GPC technique wth two detectors has been used to study the heterogeneity in compositionthard segment content) of a series of polyethylene terephthalate/polycaprolactone segmented copoly-mers. Improvement in data treatment has been made to avoid the difficulty resulted from the lake oflow molecular weight hard segment homopolymers. Results show that for each sample the moleculesof larger coil size in CHCI_3 usually have higher hard segment content. A parameter, the averagedeviation of hard segment content, has been proposed to characterize the heterogeneity in compositionof the samples. It is found that the heterogeneity of the samples increases with increasing theiraverage hard segment content.     

聚已内醯胺的特性粘数

(1)聚己內醯胺試樣在85％甲酸溶液中加水分級沉澱,得到分子量不同的級份,經羧基滴定,並於40％硫酸溶液中,在25°時测定粘度,得到下面的特性粘數分子量關係式: [η]=5.92×10~(-4) M~(0.686)或 [η]=2.44×10~(-5) M+0.080濃度單位是克/分升,分子量範圍是3000-13000。 (2)聚己內醯胺的40％硫酸溶液的粘度數據,試用了三種外推公式: lnη_r/c=[η]-β[η]~(2)c (1) η_(sp)/c=[η]+k′[η]~(2)c (2) logη_(sp)/c=log[η]+k[η]c (3) 用式(1)和式(3)得到的[η]值相同,式(2)得到的略小1-2％。β和k′值隨分子量的减小而顯著地增大,這和一般的高聚物——溶劑體系的行為相反。當高分子與溶劑分子間的氫鍵作用是高聚物溶解的主要因素時,用k′值來做溶劑能力的估計,是完全沒有意義的。 (3) 聚己內醯胺在40％硫酸裏,溶液粘度的切變速度依賴性是可以忽略的。我們認為40％硫酸是測定聚己內醯胺的粘均分子量的最合適溶劑。 (4) 從粘度數據依照Debye和Bueche的特性粘數理論,算出聚己內醯胺分子在40％硫酸裏的等效Stokes半徑,說明聚己內醯胺分子在40％硫酸溶液裏的形態,可以看作是無規則的線團。     

EFFECT OF POLYMERIZATION CONDITIONS ON THE MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF POLYPHENYLSILSISQUIOXANE

Samples of polyphenylsilsisquioxane (PPSQ)using CaF_2 or MgF_2 as the main catalysts hadbeen prepared under different polymerization conditions. The results were treated on anorthogonal design L_9 (3~4). All weight-average molecular weights (M_W ) of PPSQ had beenmeasured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Effects of polymerization conditionsincluding reaction temperature, composition of the dual catalysts (CaF_2 or MgF_2 and DCC),mixture of solvents and reaction time on M_W of PPSQ have been discussed. The quantity of thecatalysts is the most important factor that affects M_W of PPSQ. Reaction temperature is thesecond important factor. Appropriate polymerization condition has been established to get PPSQwith high M_W.