高聚物的分子量和分子量分布

引言高聚物最明显的特点是它的分子量大,一般比小分子化合物的分子量大2到5个数量级。除某些天然聚合物以外,合成聚合物的分子量还有多分散性,这就是说,高聚物试样中的各个高分子之间的聚合度可以不相同,因而试样的分子量有一个分布。高聚物的分子量分布表征试样中不同分子量的分布情况。高聚物     

高效凝胶色谱中的机械降解问题——影响降解的因素

]本文研究了在高效凝胶色谱中流速、溶剂性能对高分子降解的影响,考察了几种高聚物的降解情况。实验表明,降解随流速增加而增加,不良溶剂比良溶剂的降解更严重,降解的临界分子量与溶剂性能有关。并讨论了产生降解的原因。     

凝胶色谱法定量分析污水中聚丙烯酰胺

建立了凝胶色谱分析污水中部分水解聚丙烯酰胺的方法。采用普通商品水溶性凝胶色谱往,通过变换淋洗剂的作法,消除了非体积排斥效应的影响,实现了定量分析。讨论了紫外检测波长对部分水解聚丙烯酰胺测定结果的影响,检验了油田污水、选矿污水、自来水及盐水体系对结果的影响,并与溴氧比法测定的结果作了比较,所建方法的浓度分析范围为０．１～２００ｍｇ／Ｌ,精度为±２％,检测下限为０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

STUDIES ON MICELLE BEHAVIORS OF STYRENE-BUTADIENE-STYRENE (SBS) TRIBLOCK COPOLYMERS IN METHYL ETHYL KETONE (MEK) BY POSITRON ANNIHILATION TECHNIQUE

Positron annihilation technique was used to study the micelle behaviors of two SBS triblock copolymers in MEK solvent at different temperatures. Annihilation lifetime τ_3 of ortho-positronium (o-Ps) exhibited an obvious transition from shorter lifetime to longer lifetime with temperature. It was attributed to the change of micelle behavior of SBS copolymer molecules in the solution. Experimental results of sedimentation velocity of ultracentrifuge were also reported.     

聚丙烯-环己烷溶液体系的特性粘数-分子量方程

用粘度及凝胶渗透色谱法订定了聚丙烯-环己烷体系60℃的特性粘数方程,[η]=0.123M~0.61。     

SOLUTION PROPERTIES OF LADDER-LIKE POLYMER POLYPHENYLSILSESQUIOXANES

Solution properties of ladder-like polymer polyphenylsilsesquioxane (PPS) were studied by measurement of intrinsic viscosity, small angle laser light scattering and gel permeation chromatography. It was found that PPS can be modeled with a wormlike continuous cylinder rather than a wormlike coil. A plot of (M~2/[η])~(1/3) vs. M~(1/2) was employed in obtaining the persistence length (2λ)~(-1) and effective hydrodynamic diameter. When MW≤5×10~5, Mark-Houwink equation is adequate in describing the relationship between MW and [η] with αabout unity. This implies that PPS chain is semi-stiff. For GPC experiments, it was shown that universal calibration can be applied in PPS. When molecular weights of PPS are sufficiently high, their molecular weight distributions are often very broad.     

FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED STUDY OF FRACTIONATED AROMATIC POLYESTERS

Infrared spectra at different temperatures have been studied for fractions ofa liquid crystal tormmg aromatic polyester. The molecular interactions in different phases and their changes duringthe transitions were discussed. Abrupt frequency shift was found for bands of groups both in mesogens and flexible spacers during fusion and isotropization transitions. It may imply that both the mesogens and the flexible spacers are included in the same crystalline phase and give their contributions to the formation of the mesophase. The splitting into doublet of the C—O stretching vibrations was observed for both the aromatic and aliphatic esters and was attributed to the existence of local regions for ester groups different in ordering. The more ordered regions do not disappear completely even in the isotropic liquid phase.     

聚有机硅倍半氧烷热解研究进展

国防航空工业的发展需求高性能陶瓷,尤其是纳米陶瓷。聚有机硅倍半氧烷可作为前驱体,通过热解制备陶瓷。该方法操作简便,易于控制。本文综述了国外有关聚有机硅倍半氧烷热解理论与应用研究近况,并对这一领域的发展进行了展望。     

嵌段共聚物溶液胶束温度行为的郑电子湮没研究

用正电子寿命技术研究了聚苯乙烯—二甲基硅氧烷／正庚烷二嵌段共聚物溶液胶束的温度行为．结果表明正电子湮没参数对溶液中出现的结构和微观环境的变化十分灵敏．在一定的温度范围o-Ps寿命和强度的陡然变化反映了溶液中共聚物分子聚集态随温度经历不同阶段的变化，超过临界胶束温度o-Ps寿命随温度增高而迅速地增大，这一行为反映了分子聚集体解离成自由共聚物分子的过程．     

STUDIES ON THE KINETICS OF PHASE TRANSITIONS OF A MAIN CHAIN THERMOTROPIC POLYESTER

The kinetics of phase transitions including a transition between mesophases were studied for a main-chain thermotropic polyester by means of DSC and depolarizing transmittance techniques. The isothermal process of these transitions was found to be described by the Avrami equation to high conversions. The Avrami exponents n are about 2,4, 5.3 and 2.2 for liquid crystallization, transition between mesophases and crystallization from mesophase respectively. The liquid crystallization from isotropic liquid phase occurs at very low undercoolings with high transformation rate. This behavior is explained as the results of the smaller value of the surface free energy for mesophase than that for crystallites which is evidenced by the very weak temperature dependence of liquid crystallization rate.