正交实验法研究MAH-β-CD衍生物的制备工艺

用顺丁烯二酸酐（MAH）对β-环糊精（β-CD）进行化学改性,合成出了顺丁烯二酸酐-β-环糊精衍生物（MAH-β-CD）。针对影响衍生物制备的因素,采用正交实验法,以产物产率为评价指标,优选顺丁烯二酸酐-β-环糊精衍生物制备的最佳工艺条件为：投料比1∶10,反应温度80℃,反应时间9h。     

BRing中电荷交换引起的束流损失分布模拟计算

在强流重离子加速器运行中,带电粒子与真空管道中的残余气体分子相互作用发生的电荷交换反应是影响重离子束流寿命的关键因素。这种电荷交换过程导致的束流损失将解吸出真空管壁上吸附的气体分子,进而引起真空压力的动态变化,将严重影响加速器的稳定运行和最终束流引出流强。中国科学院近代物理研究所将在广东省惠州市建造的强流重离子加速器装置（High Intensity heavy-ion AcceleratorFacility,简称HIAF）利用增强器（Booster Ring,简称BRing）提供束流流强高达2×1011 ppp的238U35+用于核物理及原子物理等实验研究。对强流重离子加速器BRing中238U35+束流发生电荷交换反应,损失一个电子成为238U36+的过程进行了追踪模拟,计算得到了U36+损失前的运动径迹和全环粒子损失位置分布,模拟结果显示U36+受到色散元件的影响,将集中损失在位于二极磁铁后的漂移节区域中。基于模拟结果,在束流损失位置处设计安装由低解吸率材料制作的准直器,优化设计后的准直效率高达95%以上;并模拟计算了有无准直器时真空压力和束流流强的变化,安装准直器后BRing的平均真空度变化小于10%,将确保BRing加速器的稳定运行。During heavy ion accelerator operation, the charge exchange effect between ions and residual gas molecules is the key factor to influence beam lifetime. The charge exchange process has ions lost on the wall and leads to a dynamical vacuum change, which will seriously affect the accelerator operation and reduce the extraction beam intensity. The Institute of Modern Physics' future project, called High Intensity heavy ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF), will be built in Huizhou city, Guangdong Province, China. The Booster Ring (BRing) will provide 2×11 ppp 238U35+ for nuclear physics experiments. This article studies the track of particle U36+ before impacting on the wall, which is the reference particle U35+ losing one electron, and gets the U36+ loss distribution along the BRing. The simulation result shows that U36+ will be influenced seriously by dispersion elements, and will be lost in the drift sections after the dipoles. Collimators made out of materials with low desorption will be installed in the particles lost positions. The collimator efficiency after optimization can be larger than 95%. It also shows BRing average pressure change and beam intensity change between collimators on and off. The result points out that the BRing average pressure change will be less than 10% with collimators on, which makes BRing operate stably.     

南疆农田土壤全氮含量的中红外光谱反演模型

快速准确监测农田土壤全氮含量,可显著提高土壤肥力诊断与评价工作的效率。传统测定土壤全氮的方法存在耗时费力、成本高、环境污染等缺点,而基于光谱学原理的土壤全氮定量方法克服了传统测量的劣势。中红外(MIR)光谱相较于可见光-近红外(VNIR)光谱而言,具有更多的波段数和信息量,如何利用中红外光谱监测土壤全氮含量是具有重要应用前景的研究课题。为了探索中红外光谱对土壤全氮监测的可行性,以新疆南疆地区采集的246个农田土样为研究对象,以室内测定的全氮含量和中红外光谱反射率数据为数据源,分析了不同全氮含量土样的中红外光谱特征差异,以主成分分析法(PCA)和连续投影算法(SPA)对光谱数据进行降维,然后采用偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)、支持向量机(SVM)、随机森林(RF)和反向传播神经网络(BPNN)四种建模方法分别构建基于全波段和降维数据的土壤全氮含量定量反演模型。研究结果表明：(1)土壤在中红外波段光谱反射率随全氮含量的增加而增加,在3 620, 2 520, 1 620和1 420 cm^-1附近存在明显的吸收谷;将中红外光谱数据进行最大值归一化处理后,可明显提高土壤光谱反...     

市售保健品中7种醒酒护肝功效成分的毛细管电泳测定

采用胶束电动毛细管电泳-二极管阵列检测器同时检测了市售保健品中儿茶素、表儿茶素、表没食子儿茶素、表儿茶素没食子酸酯、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、二氢杨梅素和甘草酸等7种醒酒护肝功效成分.采用正交设计法对毛细管电泳条件[缓冲剂浓度、添加剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)浓度、添加剂乙腈比例以及电泳缓冲溶液p H]进行了优化.在优化的条件下,7种组分在各自的线性范围内相关系数r≥0.9989,检出限和定量限分别为0.26~2.22μg/g(S/N=3)和0.87~7.39μg/g(S/N=10),日内精密度和日间精密度分别为1.3%~2.5%和1.9%~3.9%,样品加标回收率为91.4%~104.9%,加标样品的相对标准偏差(RSD)在1.4%~3.2%之间.本方法可在8 min内实现7种功效成分的同时检测,能够满足市售醒酒护肝产品的常规分析和质量评价要求.     

聚二甲基硅氧烷改性的聚氨酯齐聚物增韧环氧树脂

聚二甲基硅氧烷改性的聚氨酯齐聚物增韧环氧树脂;聚氨酯齐聚物;聚二甲基硅氧烷;环氧树脂;增韧;IPN     

时间反演脉冲电磁波在双负材料中传播特性研究

利用全时域电磁仿真技术, 对比研究了时间反演脉冲电磁波和脉冲电磁波透过Smith结构双负材料后的时域波形、脉宽压缩以及材料内部空间电场峰值强度分布等时域传播特性. 结果表明：时间反演脉冲电磁波在透过双负材料后, 在初始源激励处表现出良好的时间和空间聚焦特性. 更重要的是, 在双负材料内部, 观测到了电场峰值强度减弱、截面电场峰值强度趋向均衡分布等新型的物理现象. 这些物理现象对发展能够承受大功率新型的双负材料电子器件及其应用系统很有参考研究价值.     

非线性特征问题计算的扩阶法

本文提出一种可用于求解非线性特征问题的扩阶方法，其基本原理是通过系统矩阵的扩阶使非线性问题线性化．     

Temperature and strain sensitivities of surface and hybrid acoustic wave Brillouin scattering in optical microfibers

Temperature and strain sensitivities of surface acoustic wave (SAW) and hybrid acoustic wave (HAW) Brillouin scattering (BS) in 1 μm-1.3 μm diameter optical microfibers are simulated. In contrast to stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) from bulk acoustic wave in standard optical fiber, SAW and HAW BS, due to SAWs and HAWs induced by the coupling of longitudinal and shear waves and propagating along the surface and core of microfiber respectively, facilitate innovative detection in optical microfibers sensing. The highest temperature and strain sensitivities of the hybrid acoustic modes (HAMs) are 1.082 MHz/℃ and 0.0289 MHz/με, respectively, which is suitable for microfiber sensing application of high temperature and strain resolutions. Meanwhile, the temperature and strain sensitivities of the SAMs are less affected by fiber diameter changes, ranging from 0.05 MHz/℃/μ to 0.25 MHz/℃/μ and 1×10^-4 MHz/με/μ to 5×10^-4 MHz/με/μ, respectively. It can be found that that SAW BS for temperature and strain sensing would put less stress on manufacturing constraints for optical microfibers. Besides, the simultaneous sensing of temperature and strain can be realized by SAW and HAW BS, with temperature and strain errors as low as 0.30 ℃-0.34 ℃ and 14.47 με-16.25 με.     

飞机起落架载荷测量中的线性变换与鲁棒性

基于线性变换的起落架载荷解耦测量原理,研究了载荷方程对地面校准误差及飞行应变测量误差的免疫问题,提出了载荷方程鲁棒性的概念,并推导了其评价指标--敏感因子,建立了基于线性和鲁棒性的载荷方程优选方法。研究表明：系数矩阵的敏感因子越小,则载荷方程的鲁棒性越好,抗误差干扰能力越强。本文给出的某飞机主起落架载荷测量应用实例表明该优选方法可行、高效;当敏感因子值小于50时,相对误差小于7%。     

Particle transport behavior in air channel flow with multi-group Lagrangian tracking

The particle motions of dispersion and transport in air channel flow are investigated using a large eddy simulation(LES) and Lagrangian trajectory method. The mean and fluctuating velocities of the fluids and particles are obtained,and the results are in good agreement with the data in the literature. Particle clustering is observed in the near-wall and low-speed regions. To reveal the evolution process and mechanism of particle dispersion and transport in the turbulent boundary layer, a multi-group Lagrangian tracking is applied when the two-phase flow has become fully developed: the fluid fields are classified into four sub-regions based on the flow characteristics, and particles in the turbulent region are divided accordingly into four groups when the gas–particle flow is fully developed. The spatiotemporal transport of the four groups of particles is then tracked and analyzed. The detailed relationship between particle dispersion and turbulent motion is investigated and discussed.