反应气氛对Ca/ZSM-5上二甲醚转化制丙烯反应的影响

在连续流动固定床反应器上,以Ca/ZSM-5分子筛为催化剂,考察了氮气、一氧化碳、二氧化碳、合成气和水蒸气气氛对二甲醚制丙烯（DTP）反应催化剂的稳定性和丙烯选择性以及副产物选择性的影响,同时考察了失活催化剂再生后催化性能的变化。实验结果表明,反应气氛对DTP体系具有一定的影响。其中,以二氧化碳为反应气氛时催化剂稳定性最好,丙烯选择性最高,副产物选择性较低;一氧化碳、合成气、氮气的效果次之;水蒸气的效果最差。再生后催化剂的性能表明,CO₂作反应气氛对DTP生成有利。     

四-β-(氨甲基)酞菁锌盐酸盐的合成及光物理光化学性质研究

四-β-(邻苯二甲酰亚胺甲基)酞菁锌(ZnPcP4)与85%水合肼反应得到四-β-(氨甲基)酞菁锌(ZnPcN4,分子式C36H28N12Zn),其盐酸盐为ZnPcN4.HCl。测试合成得到的标题化合物紫外-可见电子吸收光谱,荧光光谱和单线态氧生成速率。标题化合物在水中聚集,在90%1,2-丙二醇/水中主要以单体形式存在。目标酞菁锌配合物在90%DMF/水的中性溶液存在聚集体,在弱酸性条件下,随酸度增大,675 nm处Q带单体吸收峰升高,在DMF/water(10%,V/V)/HCl(1.2 mmol·L-1)溶液中10-5 mol·L-1的酞菁配合物基本上没有聚集;在强酸性条件下,随酸度增大,675 nm处Q带单体吸收峰下降的同时,在713 nm处酞菁单质子化吸收峰强度有所增加。ZnPcN4.HCl在DMF体系中聚集,荧光量子产率和单线态氧量子产率变小,但其在DMF/water(10%,V/V)/HCl(1.2mmol·L-1)体系中主要以单体形式存在,荧光量子产率为0.19,单线态氧量子产率0.58,光敏活性与标准无取代酞菁锌相近。     

Horizontally slotted photonic crystal nanobeam cavity with embedded active nanopillars for ultrafast direct modulation

A horizontally slotted photonic crystal nanobeam cavity with an embedded active nanopillar structure is proposed for ultrafast direct modulation. By designing the thicknesses of both the nanobeam and the horizontal slot layer, the quality factor (Q factor) and the mode volume (Vn ) of the proposed cavity can be engineered independently. As a result, the spontaneous emission (SpE) rate is enhanced with a small Vn of 2.4 while the SpE rate and the cavity photon lifetime have an optimal Q factor of ～ 1000. In our simulation, the modulation bandwidth could be enhanced up to 170 GHz with different emission linewidths of the active nanopillar.     

Approximation-error-ADP-based optimal tracking control for chaotic systems with convergence proof

In this paper, an optimal tracking control scheme is proposed for a class of discrete-time chaotic systems using the approximation-error-based adaptive dynamic programming （ADP） algorithm. Via the system transformation, the optimal tracking problem is transformed into an optimal regulation problem, and then the novel optimal tracking control method is proposed. It is shown that for the iterative ADP algorithm with finite approximation error, the iterative performance index functions can converge to a finite neighborhood of the greatest lower bound of all performance index functions under some convergence conditions. Two examples are given to demonstrate the validity of the proposed optimal tracking control scheme for chaotic systems.     

海冰冰裂缝自动化检测装置及其系统在南极海冰监测中的应用研究

南极海冰冰裂缝宽度的变化严重影响人类在南极活动中冰上物资的运输,利用研制成功的电容感应式冰原传感器,设计并研究了南极海冰冰裂缝的自动化检测装置及其系统,并对该套系统在南极海冰的试验应用进行了分析,结果证明,该冰裂缝检测装置及其系统能较好的实现海冰裂缝的无人自动化监测.     

微波法合成乙二醇插层镍铝层状双金属氢氧化物

乙二醇(EG)插层层状双金属氢氧化物(LDH)可作为层间催化反应器,用于原油中环烷酸与EG的酯化脱酸反应,但其合成过程需要较长时间。 以硝酸根型镍铝LDH为前体,在KOH促进下,采用微波辅助的离子交换法合成EG插层LDH,省时节能,提高效率。 考察了微波时间、微波温度和微波功率对EG插层LDH结构的影响。 并用XRD、FT-IR和TG-DSC等比较了微波法和常规方法合成的EG插层LDH的性质。 结果表明,微波辐射能提供高能量,促进待交换阴离子向层间的扩散,并减弱层板与层间原有阴离子间的作用力,在微波温度为120 ℃,微波时间为10 min和微波功率550 W的条件下,即可得到结晶度高的EG插层LDH。 微波法合成的EG插层LDH与常规方法合成的具有相似的性质和更高的结晶度,而合成时间可由12 h大幅缩短至10 min。     

Device simulation of lead-free CH_3NH_3SnI_3 perovskite solar cells with high efficiency

The lead-free perovskite solar cells(PSCs) have drawn a great deal of research interest due to the Pb toxicity of the lead halide perovskite.CH_3NH_3SnI_3 is a viable alternative to CH_3NH_3PbX_3,because it has a narrower band gap of 1.3 eV and a wider visible absorption spectrum than the lead halide perovskite.The progress of fabricating tin iodide PSCs with good stability has stimulated the studies of these CH_3NH_3SnI_3 based cells greatly.In the paper,we study the influences of various parameters on the solar cell performance through theoretical analysis and device simulation.It is found in the simulation that the solar cell performance can be improved to some extent by adjusting the doping concentration of the perovskite absorption layer and the electron affinity of the buffer and HTM,while the reduction of the defect density of the perovskite absorption layer significantly improves the cell performance.By further optimizing the parameters of the doping concentration(1.3 × 10~(16) cm~3) and the defect density(1 × 10~(15) cm~3) of perovskite absorption layer,and the electron affinity of buffer(4.0 eV) and HTM(2.6 eV),we finally obtain some encouraging results of the J_(sc) of 31.59 mA/cm~2,V_(oc) of 0.92 V,FF of 79.99%,and PCE of 23.36%.The results show that the lead-free CH_3NH_3SnI_3 PSC is a potential environmentally friendly solar cell with high efficiency.Improving the Sn~(2+) stability and reducing the defect density of CH_3NH_3SnI_3 are key issues for the future research,which can be solved by improving the fabrication and encapsulation process of the cell.     

煤经气化制液体燃料及其高温煤气净化研究进展

煤炭是中国最重要的能源.煤炭的有效利用不仅要提高效率,而且要降低污染物和温室气体二氧化碳的排放.相对于传统的煤燃烧利用技术,煤经气化生产各种化学产品被认为是先进的煤洁净利用的重要途径.几乎所有的目前由日趋枯竭的石油资源生产的化学产品,都可经煤气化从合成气转化获得.本文介绍了中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所近年来在煤经气化制液体燃料及其高温煤气净化方面的研究进展,主要包括煤的灰熔聚流化床气化、高温气体净化、浆态床反应器铁基催化剂费托合成、低碳醇合成以及一步法二甲醚合成等技术.     

制造系统的单位时间费用的一个精确表达

讨论了由一个加工车间(workshop)和一个库房(warehouse)组成的按订单生产的制造系统,加工车间有有限等待场所,采用(s,S)订货策略.用二维随机过程刻划了该制造系统,该二维随机过程是一个拟生灭过程.利用矩阵几何解法,给出了随机过程的稳态分布.并以此为依据给出该系统的单位时间平均运作费用.