氚化学与工艺

氚作为一种重要的资源,在国防科技和国民经济领域有着广泛的应用。伴随着国防科技发展需求的不断提高,中国工程物理研究院在氚化学与工艺研究方面取得了一定的成就,研究领域涉及到氚的整个生命周期,包括生产、分离、储存、应用及氚废物治理等。本文重点介绍了中国工程物理研究院近年来在金属氚化物、储氚材料、氢同位素分离技术、含氚重水提氚关键技术和ITER相关氚技术等方面的研究进展。     

LiCl-KCl熔盐中Gd(Ⅲ)在Bi电极上的电化学行为及Bi_xGd_y金属间化合物的热力学数据

采用多种电化学技术研究了在723~823 K范围内Li Cl-KCl熔盐中Gd(Ⅲ)在液态Bi电极和Bi膜电极上的电化学行为.利用开路计时电位法估算了Bi-Gd金属间化合物(Bi2Gd,Bi Gd,Bi3Gd4,Bi3Gd5)的活度、相对偏摩尔吉布斯自由能、生成吉布斯自由能、生成焓和生成熵等热力学数据.通过恒电流和恒电位电解,在液态Bi电极上制备了Bi-Gd合金,并采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜-能量散射谱(SEM-EDS)表征了其结构.在恒电流电解中所得金属间化合物为Bi Gd,而在恒电位电解中所得金属间化合物为Bi3Gd5.     

Effect of microstructure on ~3He migration in TiT_(1.9) films

Two kinds of films were prepared to study the effect of microstructure on helium migration in Ti tritides. Both films showed different release behaviors and helium bubble distributions. In the film consisting of columnar grains, a twolayered structure was observed. Inclusions with a strip feature were found at the grain boundary, and no helium bubbles were distributed in these inclusions. However, helium preferred to migrate to the boundaries of these inclusions. Bubble linkage as a ribbon-like feature developed parallel to the film surface in the film consisting of columnar grains. More cracks were developed at the grain boundaries of the film consisting of columnar grains, although the helium content in the film consisting of columnar grains was less than that in the film consisting of equiaxed grains. A surface region with a small number of bubbles, or "depleted zone", was observed near the surface. The cracks extending to the film surface were the pathways of the critical helium released from the film. The helium migration was strongly influenced by the grain microstructure.