The Molecular Structure and Potential Energy Function for Ne-HF System

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Continuous monitoring of dough fermentation and bread baking by magnetic resonance microscopy

The consumer quality of baked products is closely related with dough structure properties. These are developed during dough fermentation and finalized during its baking. In this study, magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM) was employed in a study of dough fermentation and baking. A small hot air oven was installed inside a 2.35-T horizontal bore superconducting magnet. Four different samples of commercial bread mixes for home baking were used to prepare small samples of dough that were inserted in the oven and allowed to rise at 33°C for 112 min; this was followed by baking at 180°C for 49 min. The entire process was followed by dynamic T₁-weighted 3D magnetic resonance imaging with 7 min of temporal resolution and 0.23×0.23×1.5 mm³ of spatial resolution. Acquired images were analyzed to determine time courses of dough pore distribution, dough volume and bread crust thickness. Image analysis showed that both the number of dough pores and the normalized dough volume increased in a sigmoid-like fashion during fermentation and decreased during baking due to the bread crust formation. The presented magnetic resonance method was found to be efficient in analysis of dough structure properties and in discrimination between different dough types.     

Photonic temporal integration of broadband intensity waveforms over long operation time windows

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel design for temporal integration of microwave and optical intensity waveforms with combined high processing speed and a long operation time window. It is based on concatenating in series a discrete-time (low-speed) photonic integrator and a high-speed analog time-limited intensity integrator. This scheme is demonstrated here using a cascaded fiber-based interferometers' system (as a passive eight-point discrete-time integrator) and an analog time-limited intensity integrator. The latter is based on temporal intensity modulation of the input waveform with a rectangular-like incoherent energy spectrum followed by linear dispersion. Using this setup, we experimentally achieve accurate time integration of intensity signals with ~36 GHz bandwidths over an operation time window of ~4 ns, corresponding to a processing time-bandwidth product of >144.     

Quantum dynamics of a driven correlated system coupled to phonons

Nonequilibrium interplay between charge, spin, and lattice degrees of freedom on a square lattice is studied for a single charge carrier doped in the t-J-Holstein model. In the presence of a static electric field we calculate the quasistationary state. With increasing electron-phonon (e-ph) coupling the carrier mobility decreases; however, we find increased steady state current due to e-ph coupling in the regime of negative differential resistance. We explore the distribution of absorbed energy between the spin and the phonon subsystem. For model parameters as relevant for cuprates, the majority of the gained energy flows into the spin subsystem.     

The phase diagram for coexisting d-wave superconductivity and charge-density waves: cuprates and beyond

Phase diagrams of d-wave superconductivity characterized by an order parameter Δ coexisting with charge-density waves (CDWs) characterized by an order parameter Σ were constructed for the two-dimensional Fermi surface (FS) appropriate to, e.g., cuprates. CDWs were considered as an origin of the pseudogap appearing at antinodal FS sections of the d(x2-y2) superconductor. Two types of the Σ-reentrance were found: with the temperature, T, and with the opening of the CDW sector, 2α. The angular plots in the momentum space for the resulting gap profile over the FS ('gap roses') were obtained. The gap patterns are rather involved, giving insight into the difficulties of the interpretation of photoemission spectra. It was shown that the Σ-Δ coexistence region exists even for the complete dielectric gapping due to the distinction between the superconducting and CDW order parameter symmetries. The checkerboard and unidirectional CDW configurations were examined, and both the phase diagrams and the behavior with T and α of the order parameters were found to differ. A more general case with a non-zero mismatch angle β between the superconducting lobes and the CDW sectors was analyzed, the case β = π/4 corresponding to the d(xy) symmetry of the superconducting order parameter. The phase diagrams were found to be sensitive to β-variations, showing that internal strains and external pressure can drastically affect the behavior of Σ(T) and Δ(T).     

Charged-particle multiplicity density at midrapidity in central Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt[S(NN)] = 2.76 TeV

The first measurement of the charged-particle multiplicity density at midrapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair √ S NN = 2.76 TeV is presented. For an event sample corresponding to the most central 5% of the hadronic cross section, the pseudorapidity density of primary charged particles at midrapidity is 1584 ± 4(stat) ± 76(syst), which corresponds to 8.3 ± 0.4(syst) per participating nucleon pair. This represents an increase of about a factor 1.9 relative to pp collisions at similar collision energies, and about a factor 2.2 to central Au-Au collisions at √ S NN = 2.76 TeV. This measurement provides the first experimental constraint for models of nucleus-nucleus collisions at LHC energies.     

Control of spontaneous emission by complex nanostructures

Spontaneous emission in the presence of complex nanostructures is discussed by use of a calculational scheme that permits us to deal with interfaces of arbitrary shape. Control over the field associated with the emission is shown to be attainable. In particular, decay rates are offered for geometries that lead to focusing and collimation of near- and far-field distributions. Emission from axially symmetric gratings is shown to lead to narrow angular distributions of emission, and focusing at the foci of dielectric ellipsoids is achieved for dimensions comparable with the wavelength. In the latter case the total emission rate for two atoms in an ellipsoidal cavity is shown to be enhanced in a way that deviates from the predictions of the Dicke effect by means of intermediate- and far-field contributions.