Direct determination of thickness of sea surface microlayer using a pH microelectrode at original location

The sea surface microlayer (SML) is the interface layer between seawater and atmosphere, which is a new study field developed from the intersecting and infiltration of ocean science and atmosphere science, including the SML physics, the SML chemistry, the SML biology etc. It in-volves the recip rocity of sea-air, the globe cycle and flux of substances, so it is a key item of the global cooperative research on ocean science[1,2]. It should also be an important research field of SOLAS (sur…     

Determination of stability constant of ternary surface complexes at liquid-solid interface in sea water by the rule of left-right shifts of S-shaped curve

A new method is suggested for determining the stability constant of ternary surface complexes (TSC) at liquid-solid interfaces in natural water. Its basic principle is based on the rule of left-right shift (RLRS) of S-shaped curve, from which the peak-type curve of E(%) with the concentration of organic matter is obtained. The peak-type curve is further used to obtain the (ksAM/kSM) values by using respectively the method of equality of E(%) when [H2A] = [H2A]0 (1) and the method of [H2A]max (2). From the known KSM,the stability constant KSAM of liquid-solid interfacial ternary surface complexes can be obtained.     

海水中无机离子交换的分级平衡理论研究

本文在海水中无机离子交换的平衡理论研究方面,取得了如下三个方面的成果:(1)提出海水中无机离子交换的分级平衡理论,这理论也适用于一般水溶液体系,并引入平均离子交换数,它可由实验测得,利用的基本方程式(11),提出了三种计算离子交换产物的生成常数的一般数学处理,(2)定量地讨论和推导了离子交换分级平衡理论与吸附理论的关系,并用铀-水合氧化钛体系等的实验数据作了验证,结果良好,(3)将无机离子交换的分级平衡理论用来解释无机离子交换中的最重要的实验事实——离子交换率与pH的关系,并提出了两种计算K的方法,运用了若干个体系的实验数据作了具体计算,理论和实验结果一致。     

PHENOMENON OF LEFT-RIGHT SHIFTS OF S-SHAPED CURVE——THE EFFECT OF ORGANIC MATTER ON THE CURVES OF ION EXCHANGE pH RANGE

This paper deals with the effect of amino acid and humic acid on the ion exchange ratio (%)-pHS-shaped curves of the interactions between Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and clays. The main results are: (i) Withthe increase of concentration of organic matters, S-shaped curve moves first to the left and then to theright, and △pH-(sh(L)) has a linear relationship with log (OB)_m. (ii) With the extent of a certain amountof organic matter, the sequence of △pH-(sh(L)) of heavy metals is Cu Pb Zn Cd, △pH-(sh(L)) has a linearrelationship with IogK_(OA). (iii) With the existence of different amino acids, the relationship between△pH-(sh(L)) of S-shaped curves of interaction between Cu and illite and IogK_(OA) for Cu and various aminoacids are linear. (iv) Quantitative explanations regarding the experimental phenomenon mentioned abovecan be written as the following equation: pH_((CIER))=-1/m{log[(α_1K_(OA)α_2(OB_m))/K_(RB_m)]?2}.(v) Discussion of the phenomenon of left-right shifts of S-shaped curve in terms of reaction mec     

Co（salen）／Nation修饰电极对天然海水中一氧化氮的催化氧化及其测定

用Co(salen)／Nation修饰铂电极对天然海水介质中的一氧化氮进行了测定，在最佳实验条件下，确定了Co(salen)／Nation修饰电极的检出限是0．1μmol／L，线性范围分别为0．1～1．0和1．0～9．9μmol／L，相对标准偏差为0．24％，并且探讨了Co(salen)对NO的催化机理。     

E%-pH曲线法研究铜-铬氨酸-金属氧化物体系

采用E％-pH曲线法研究铜-酪氨酸-针铁矿、γ-AlOOH两个体系三者间的相互作用，发现其E％－PH曲线为单向上升的峰型曲线，认为在上述两体系中均有I型三元表面络合物生成．     

“S一型曲线左一右摆动规律”法测定三元络合物的稳定常数

提出一种测定天然水中液-固界面三元络合物稳定常数的新方法.其基本原理是基于“S-型曲线左-右摆动规律”,由此得到“交换率E(%)-有机物浓度关系的峰型曲线”,再进一步应用“峰型曲线”分别提出用(1)[H_2A]=[H_2A]_0时E(%)相等法和(2)[H_2A]_(max)极大值法求得(~(?)(SAM)/~(?)(SM))值. 已知~(?)(SM)值后,即可求得液-固界面三元络合物的稳定常数.用两法求得的6个体系的~(?)SAM值很好一致.     

計算各級单核絡合物稳定常数的一般数学处理方法

測定絡合物稳定常数的方法很多,常用的有十几种。其中最普遍应用的有pH滴定法、电位法、极譜法、分光光度法、萃取法、离子交換法、溶解度法等等。每种方法均有其特殊的实驗步驟、理論假设、应用范围及限制等。但是在求各级絡离子逐级稳定常数的一般处理方法上却有其同一性;卽如何把实驗数据和欲求的稳定常数联系起来,这种联系一般都是通过建立一个函数而得到。例如在单核絡合物的情况下,設有金属离子M~(n+)与配位体L~(-b)之间在溶液中形成各     

海洋中化学过程的Φ(z/l,x)规律与HSAB的关系——Σ最小原理和海水化学模型

根据HSAB原理和酸碱硬软度的新标度以及大量与海洋化学有关的研究,提出了∑最小原理。将它应用于海水中主要组份的化学模型、海水中微量元素的溶存形式、海水中过渡元素的Irving-Williams顺序、等等海洋化学诸问题的研究上,皆得良好结果。     

电负性应用的新进展

电负性是化学中的一个十分重要的基本概念。尽管有关这一概念的理论、计算方法、应用范围等等尚未完全成熟,各方面都还在发展中,但是电负性在化学各领域中的广泛应用,至今已被大多数化学工作者所接受。例如,利用电负性可计算键长,决定化学键的极性,计算化学键的键能,决定化合物的性质和酸碱性,计算键的电子电量,计算分子的偶极矩,决定物质的熔