气体研究在化学理论发展史中的作用

气体研究在化学理论发展史中的作用何法信王至堂（曲阜师范大学化学系２７３１６５）（内蒙古大学化学系呼和浩特０１００２１）在化学发展的早期，人类曾被朴朔迷离的气体困扰了数千年。由于气体具有不同于液体和固体的诸多特性，如明显的可压缩性、扩散性、稀薄性、大多...     

纳米稀土磷酸盐红色荧光粉的合成及性能

以Gd,Y和Eu的硝酸盐与(NH4)2HPO4为原料,采用室温固相反应合成出前驱体,再经过900℃煅烧2h得到(Gd,Y,Eu)PO4纳米荧光粉,运用TG-DTA、XRD、TEM、固体荧光等技术,研究了荧光粉的形成过程、晶体尺寸、形貌及发光性能.结果表明:荧光粉属于单斜晶系,独居石结构的正磷酸盐,空间群为P21/n,平均粒径为60 nm,分散性好,有较高的热稳定性.在396 nm紫外光激发下,纳米荧光粉发出Eu3+的特征红色荧光,发射主峰在613nm,归属于Eu3+离子的5D0→7F2跃迁,该纳米粉体是一种性能优良的荧光材料.     

Absolute dielectronic recombination rate coefficients of highly charged ions at the storage ring CSRm and CSRe

Dielectronic recombination(DR) is one of the dominant electron–ion recombination mechanisms for most highly charged ions(HCIs) in cosmic plasmas, and thus, it determines the charge state distribution and ionization balance therein.To reliably interpret spectra from cosmic sources and model the astrophysical plasmas, precise DR rate coefficients are required to build up an accurate understanding of the ionization balance of the sources. The main cooler storage ring(CSRm) and the experimental cool...     

Enhancement of electron–ion recombination rates at low energy range in the heavy ion storage ring CSRm

Recombination of Ar¹⁴⁺, Ar¹⁵⁺, Ca¹⁶⁺, and Ni¹⁹⁺ ions with electrons has been investigated at low energy range based on the merged-beam method at the main cooler storage ring CSRm in the Institute of Modern Physics, Lanzhou,China. For each ion, the absolute recombination rate coefficients have been measured with electron–ion collision energies from 0 meV to 1000 meV which include the radiative recombination(RR) and also dielectronic recombination(DR)processes. In order to interpret the measured results, RR cross sections were obtained from a modified version of the semiclassical Bethe and Salpeter formula for hydrogenic ions. DR cross sections were calculated by a relativistic configuration interaction method using the flexible atomic code(FAC) and AUTOSTRUCTURE code in this energy range. The calculated RR + DR rate coefficients show a good agreement with the measured value at the collision energy above 100 meV.However, large discrepancies have been found at low energy range especially below 10 meV, and the experimental results show a strong enhancement relative to the theoretical RR rate coefficients. For the electron–ion collision energy below 1 meV, it was found that the experimentally observed recombination rates are higher than the theoretically predicted and fitted rates by a factor of 1.5 to 3.9. The strong dependence of RR rate coefficient enhancement on the charge state of the ions has been found with the scaling rule of q^3.0, reproducing the low-energy recombination enhancement effects found in other previous experiments.     

混流式水轮机内部流场的三维空化湍流计算

本文通过理论分析,引入三维混合流体完整空化湍流模型,确定了混流式水轮机内部三维空化湍流计算的方法.用数值模拟手段对混流式水轮机的内部空化流场进行了计算,采用了全三维全流道的湍流计算方法,基于RNG的k-ε湍流模型和SIMPLEC算法,从蜗壳进口到尾水管出口,包含所有流道在内的整体一次完成定常.根据得到的三维空化流场数据,对转轮内部流场进行了流场分析,求得了计算临界空化系数,和试验值进行了比较;模拟了特征工况下的尾水管涡带,和试验数据进行了比较.     

掺杂Eu3+的Na24As2Mo22O83的合成及其发光特性

本文在固相合成掺杂稀土离子的单钨酸盐,混合碱土金属钨酸盐^[1-3]等体系的的系统研究基础上,采用固相反应法合成掺杂Eu^3 离子的Na24As2Mo22O83荧光体结晶粉末,并经元素分析,IR和X射线粉末衍射等分析手段确定了它的结构,探讨了Eu^3 离子在Na24As2Mo22O83中的发光和能量传递机理。     

微电流作用下铁片置换海绵铋粉

针对铁粉置换沉积海绵铋所得铋粉品位较低的缺点,本工艺采用铁片置换海绵铋,铁片为阳极,石墨为阴极,直流微电流作用,电流密度5×10-3 A/cm2,温度40℃,所得海绵状铋粉品位在90％以上.通过置换过程的宏观动力学研究表明,其置换过程符合一级反应速率规律,活化能Ea=13.72 kJ/mol,反应速率方程为v=3.2470 ×c(Bi3+)exp(-13720/RT),置换过程的控制步骤为扩散控制.电化学分析结果显示,微电流作用很好的促进了置换过程,且置换海绵状铋粉品位高,杂质少,尤其铅含量明显降低.     

碱土金属邻苯二甲酸氢盐的振动光谱

测定了碱土金属邻苯二甲酸氢盐的晶体结构．Ｃａ（Ｃ８Ｈ５Ｏ４）·２Ｈ２Ｏ为正交晶系，属Ｐｍｎ２１（Ｎｏ．３１）空间群，晶胞参数为ａ＝２．７４８２，ｂ＝０，９１２５，ｃ＝０．６９２６ｎｍ，Ｚ＝４；Ｓｒ（Ｃ８Ｈ５Ｏ４）２·２Ｈ２Ｏ是正交晶系，属（Ｎｏ．３６）空间群，晶胞参数为ａ＝２．８４６５，ｂ＝０．８７９８，ｃ＝０．６９８０ｎｍ，Ｚ＝４；Ｂａ（Ｃ８Ｈ５Ｏ４）２·Ｈ２Ｏ为单斜晶系，属（Ｎｏ．７）空间群，晶胞参数为ａ＝３．１０５１，ｂ＝０．７００８，ｃ＝１．１７８１ｎｍ，β＝１００．５５°，Ｚ＝６．研究了这些化合物的红外和拉曼光谱，讨论了固体样品中邻华二甲酸根与碱土金属离子的配位结构及其对光谱的影响．     

关于Volterra型积分微分方程的稳定性

的零解的稳定性。这里A(t)是n×n阶函数矩阵,在[0,∞)上连续,C(t,s)是一个n×n阶函数矩阵,当0≤s≤t<∞时连续,且连续。文献[1]中利用对(1.1)构造泛函的方法,研究了以下问题:(Ⅰ)对(1.1)是一个纯量方程的情形,给出了在一定条件下,系统(1.1)的零解为稳定的充分必要条件;