绿色合成银纳米粒子及其在SERS中的应用

采用无毒、绿色的酪氨酸作为还原剂和稳定剂,在碱性条件下还原硝酸银,经60 ℃恒温水浴处理20 min,成功地合成了银纳米粒子。混合溶液颜色由淡黄色变为棕黄色直观地呈现了银纳米粒子的生成。利用紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对制备样品进行分析和表征。粒子的UV-Vis吸收在412 nm附近。TEM图像显示,银纳米粒子的形状近似球形,粒子直径在15～25 nm。分别以结晶紫(CV)和叶酸(FA)为探测分子,进一步研究了该银纳米粒子的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)效应。实验结果表明,该合成方法不仅方便、快速、绿色环保,而且合成的银纳米粒子对CV和FA分子有很好的SERS效应。     

简易型微流控芯片捕获循环肿瘤细胞的研究

本研究以循环肿瘤细胞(乳腺肿瘤细胞)为研究对象,以聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)、双面粘性薄膜(DSA)、玻片为原材料,采用激光雕刻技术制作微流控芯片,结合巯基-马来酰亚胺基团硅烷化偶联法和免疫荧光技术进行芯片内捕获检测实验,并使用外周血肿瘤细胞来验证此微流控芯片的实用性,使用具有高速摄像功能的荧光显微镜进行镜下观察及拍摄. 成功构建了一种简易型微流控芯片系统,利用此系统可实现对乳腺肿瘤细胞(92±3)%的捕获率,对外周血肿瘤细胞(88±3)%的捕获率,而且芯片的制作工艺简单,对实验仪器要求低,1 min内即可制作完成,简化了制作过程,弥补了传统光刻工艺复杂繁琐的不足,为临床检测疾病的发生与发展提供了新的研究方向.     

A novel optical beam splitter based on photonic crystal with hybrid lattices

A novel optical beam splitter constructed on the basis of photonic crystal(PC) with hybrid lattices is proposed in this paper.The band gap of square-lattice PC is so designed that the incident light is divided into several branch beams.Triangular-lattice graded-index PCs are combined for focusing each branch.Computational calculations are carried out on the basis of finite-different time-domain algorithm to prove the feasibility of our design.The waveguide is unnecessary in the design.Thus the device has functions of both splitting and focusing beams.Size of the divided beam at site of full-width at half-maximum is of the order of λ/2.The designed splitter has the advantages that it has a small volume and can be integrated by conventional semiconductor manufacturing process.     

ICP-MS测定食管鳞癌患者各组织中微量元素的含量差异

建立了冷冻干燥微波消解-ICP-MS测定25例食管鳞癌患者手术的癌组织与正常组织中22种元素的方法。样品经真空冷冻干燥后研磨成粉,采用纯硝酸体系微波消解,优化仪器工作各项参数后,以Sc,Ge,Y,In等混合内标进行校正。采用化学计量学方法分析癌组织和正常组织中元素的差异性,实验结果表明,食管鳞癌组织与正常组织有明显的分离趋势,所建立的PLS-DA模型能较好地解释所有的样品信息并能准确地预测未知样品的分类。癌组织的元素代谢情况与正常组织相比具有显著差异,从而揭示了食管鳞癌与元素之间存在着内在联系。     

Wavefront reconstruction algorithm for wavefront sensing based on binary aberration modes

We propose a new algorithm for wavefront sensing based on binary intensity modulation. The algorithm is based on the fact that a wavefront can be expended with a series of orthogonal and binary functions, the Walsh series. We use a spatial light modulator(SLM) to produce different binary-intensity-modulation patterns which are the simple linear transformation of the Walsh series. The optical fields under different binary-intensity-modulation patterns are detected with a photodiode.The relationships between the incident wavefront modulated with the patterns and their optical fields are built to determinate the coefficients of the Walsh series. More detailed and strict relationship equations are established with the algorithm by adding new modulation patterns according to the properties of the Walsh functions. An exact value can be acquired by solving the equations. Finally, with the help of phase unwrapping and smoothing, the wavefront can be reconstructed. The advantage of the algorithm is providing an analytical solution for the coefficients of the Walsh series to reconstruct the wavefront. The simulation experiments are presented and the effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated.     

Electronic transport properties of silicon junctionless nanowire transistors fabricated by femtosecond laser direct writing

Silicon junctionless nanowire transistor(JNT) is fabricated by femtosecond laser direct writing on a heavily n-doped SOI substrate.The performances of the transistor,i.e.,current drive,threshold voltage,subthreshold swing(SS),and electron mobility are evaluated.The device shows good gate control ability and low-temperature instability in a temperature range from 10 K to 300 K.The drain currents increasing by steps with the gate voltage are clearly observed from 10 K to50 K,which is attributed to the electron transport through one-dimensional(1D) subbands formed in the nanowire.Besides,the device exhibits a better low-field electron mobility of 290 cm~2·V~(-1)·s~(-1),implying that the silicon nanowires fabricated by femtosecond laser have good electrical properties.This approach provides a potential application for nanoscale device patterning.     

超细碳酸钙微球的制备

采用乳状液膜与共沉淀结合法制备超细碳酸钙微球,考察了不同反应条件对碳酸钙形貌的影响。获得的试样使用X-射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、红外光谱(FT-IR)以及激光粒度仪等手段予以表征。结果表明,吐温-80和PVP的添加量分别为4 mL和0.5 g时,制备出了颗粒大小约为5μm的碳酸钙微球;碳酸钙材料的物相组成和形貌与溶液中吐温-80体积含量以及PVP含量密切相关。     

电泳和质谱技术研究4种胰脏铁蛋白的亚基类型和等电点特性

采用电泳和质谱技术对所制备的鸡、鸭、牛和猪胰脏铁蛋白的亚基类型和等电点特性进行了研究。采用天然聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)技术研究的结果表明,上述4种铁蛋白呈现不同的迁移率,据此可知鸡胰铁蛋白的相对分子质量(Mr)>鸭胰铁蛋白的Mr>黄牛胰铁蛋白的Mr>猪胰铁蛋白的Mr,而且均大于马脾铁蛋白(HSF)的Mr。采用十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)-PAGE技术研究的结果表明,上述4种铁蛋白均由H(heavy chain)和L(light chain)类型的亚基组成,但H和L亚基的相对数量（即H/L亚基数量的比值）有差别。采用肽指纹图谱技术分别鉴定各铁蛋白的H和L亚基。选用变性等电聚焦方法研究发现,上述4种铁蛋白分别由3～6种不同等电点的亚基聚合体组成,说明铁蛋白的H和L亚基之间呈现复杂的相互作用和不同的聚合体。不同陆生动物胰脏铁蛋白亚基之间相互作用的强度和聚合态存在着差异,这一差异特性可能与调控铁蛋白释放铁的速率有关,也与动物对铁的需求和铁解毒速率有关。     

在镉盐胁迫下扇贝鳃组织应激蛋白的研究

采用透射电子显微镜观察了虾夷盘扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)鳃组织细胞的超微结构, 发现镉盐能胁迫鳃组织中的腮丝、细胞核和线粒体产生病变. 利用双向凝胶电泳(2D-PAGE)优化分离扇贝鳃组织的全蛋白, 获得约800个蛋白质斑点, 并筛选出37个由于镉盐胁迫而产生的差异蛋白质斑点. 选用基质辅助激光解吸离子化-飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)技术和数据库检索鉴定差异蛋白, 结果发现7个与镉毒性密切相关的蛋白质, 即热休克蛋白70和β-淀粉酶等上调蛋白质及原肌球蛋白、肌动蛋白和钙活化核苷酸酶1等下调蛋白质. 此外, 还发现转录调节子Crp/Fnr家族为低表达蛋白质, 而ABC转运子为高表达蛋白质. 在这些差异蛋白中, 部分蛋白质适合作为连续监测流动海水中镉污染程度及评价其危害性的蛋白指示物.     

一种面向Web服务的语义匹配方法

针对现有Web服务查找准确度不高的问题,提出一种Web服务语义匹配方法——MSURAP(matching semantic using relation and property).该方法在概念间基本推理关系的基础上进行细化,通过对概念间的属性,实例等语义关系比较分析,综合计算得到匹配值,使概念语义匹配准确度提高.实验结果表明,MSURAP在不增加服务查找时间前提下,提高了Web服务查准率.