有机溶剂对PEM燃料电池CCM结构和性能的影响

采用直接喷涂法将催化剂涂覆在质子交换膜上形成CCM(catalyst coated membrane),CCM与碳纸扩散层组成膜电极用于质子交换膜燃料电池.制备CCM的混合液由质量分数20%的Pt/C催化剂、质量分数5%的Nafion溶液、有机溶剂和水组成.不同的有机溶剂(乙醇、异丙醇和叔丁醇)、有机溶剂的含量、溶剂的...     

第一性原理计算Mo浓度对Mo掺杂BiVO4光催化性能的影响

本文利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理研究了不同浓度的Mo掺杂BiVO₄的V位的电子结构、光学性质和光催化性能.缺陷形成能的计算结果说明BiMo_xV_1-xO₄(x=0.0625, 0.125, 0.25)三种掺杂体系都是可以稳定存在的.电子结构计算结果表明：BiMo_xV_1-xO₄(x=0, 0.0625, 0.125, 0.25)四种体系的带隙分别为2.123 eV,2.142 eV,2.160 eV和2.213 eV.掺杂BiVO₄体系的带隙值均大于本征BiVO₄,且带隙随着Mo浓度的增加而增大. BiMo_xV_1-xO₄(x=0.0625, 0.125, 0.25)三种掺杂体系的能带结构全部向低能量区域移动,导致掺杂体系导带底越过费米能级,Mo掺杂BiVO₄后具...     

N=127同中子素219U和216Ac的α衰变研究

本工作通过重离子熔合蒸发反应 40Ar+183W,产生了质子滴线附近的轻锕系核素 219U和 216Ac。实验在兰州充气反冲谱仪(SHANS)上开展,目标核产生后从薄靶中反冲出来,在飞行中与大量的本底粒子进行分离并偏转到位于焦平面的探测系统中。探测系统对注入的反冲核和随后的$ \alpha $衰变进行探测,并利用寻找$ \alpha $衰变链的方法对产物进行寻找和鉴别。在本次工作中,219U已知的$ \alpha $衰变数据得到改善,其基态衰变到子核215Th基态的$ \alpha $粒子能量被确定为$E_{\alpha}\!=\!9\ 763(15)$ keV,半衰期为$ T_{1/2} $=60(7) μs。首次发现了219U两个新的$ \alpha $衰变分支,其能量为$ E_{\alpha} $=9 246(17) keV, 8 975(17) keV,并指认它们分别是从 219U 的基态衰变到子核 215Th的低激发态 (5/2–)和(3/2–)。此外,通过对 216Ac的$ \alpha $衰变数据的分析,证实了216Ac存在同核异能态。     

空位浓度对纤锌矿CdS电子结构和光学性质影响的第一性原理研究

本文基于密度泛函理论的平面波超软赝势方法,采用第一性原理研究了含Cd空位缺陷CdS和含S空位缺陷纤锌矿CdS的几何结构、能带结构、电子态密度及光学性质。通过计算分析可知,含Cd空位缺陷的CdS体系均为p型半导体,含S空位缺陷的CdS体系跃迁方式均由直接跃迁变为间接跃迁。Cd、S空位缺陷的CdS体系的态密度总能量降低。空位CdS体系相较于本征CdS体系的静介电常数均有提高,并随着空位浓度的增大而增大,Cd空位缺陷体系更为明显,极化能力得到显著提升。空位Cd的CdS体系相较于本征CdS体系在红外波段存在明显的吸收,空位S的CdS体系相较于本征CdS体系在可见光波段存在明显的吸收。     

Effect of Geometric Distance on Agreement Dynamics of Naming Game

We investigate the naming game on geometric networks. The geometric networks are constructed by adding geometric links to two-dimensional regular lattices. It is found that the agreement time is a non-monotonic function of the geometric distance and there exists an optimal value of the geometric distance resulting in the shortest agreement time. All these results show that the geometric distance plays an important role in the evolutionary process of the language game. Our results also show that the convergence time strongly depends on the number of adding links.     

Spin polarization and dispersion effects in emergence of roaming transition state for nitrobenzene isomerization

Since roaming was found as a new but common reaction path of isomerization, many of its properties, especially those of roaming transition state(TS_R), have been studied on many systems. However, the mechanism of roaming is still not clear at an atomic level. In this work, we use first-principles calculations to illustrate the detailed structure of TS_R in an internal isomerization process of nitrobenzene. The calculations distinctively show its nature of antiferromagnetic coupling between two roaming fragments. Moreover, the effect of dispersion is also revealed as an important issue for the stability of the TS_R. Our work provides a new insight into the TS_R from the view of electronic structure and contributes to the basic understanding of the roaming systems.     

兰州充气谱仪的焦平面探测系统

在兰州充气谱仪上,设计安装了一套新的焦平面探测系统,该系统包括飞行时间(TOF) 探测器、盒型硅(Si-box) 探测器阵列和反符合(Veto) 探测器3 部分。Si-box 探测器阵列是由3 块位置灵敏硅探测器(PSSD) 和8 块周边硅探测器(SSD) 构成,它对注入核的 衰变的探测效率达到80% 左右。Si-box 探测器阵列与TOF 探测器关联可以有效区分注入信号和 衰变信号。Veto 探测器与Si-box 探测器阵列和TOF 探测器关联可以反符合掉高能轻粒子对注入信号和 衰变信号的干扰。简要介绍了PSSD 的能量和位置刻度方法。这套探测器系统已经应用于40Ca+175Lu 和40Ca+169Tm 的实验。实验结果表明,该探测器系统具备很好的本底抑制能力,能够给出干净的a衰变能谱,结合能量-时间-位置关联测量方法可以实现对单原子的探测和鉴别,总体上达到了预期的设计要求。A new designed focal plane detection system was mounted at the gas-filled recoil separator at Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, which consisted of a time-of-flight (TOF) detector, a silicon-box (Sibox) detector array and a silicon veto detector. Three position sensitive silicon detectors (PSSD) were surrounded by eight side silicon detectors (SSD) without position sensitive, forming a box of the detector open from the front side. The detection efficiency for -decays of implanted nuclei was about 80%. The anticoincidence condition for the signals from the TOF detector and Si-box detector array was used to distinguish between the pulses originating from the implanted nuclei and their -decays. The veto detector information was used to discriminate events due to high-energy charged particles．External energy calibration and position calibration of PSSD are described concisely in this work. This systemhas been used in experiments of 40Ca+175Lu and 40Ca+169Tm. Clean a-decay spectra obtained in these reactions indicated the detection system has a good performance in background suppression. Evaporation residues can be identified by the energy-time-position correlation method. On the whole, the new designed focal plane detection system has achieved thedesign requirements.     

Uncooperative Effect of Hydrogen Bond on Water Dimer

The water dimer demonstrates a completely different protype in water systems,it prefers not forming larger clusters instead existing in vapor phase stably,which contracts the viewpoint of the cooperative effect of hydrogen bond(O-H…O).It is well accepted that the cooperative effect is beneficial to forming more hydrogen bonds(O-H…O),leading to stronger H-bond(H…O) and increase in the O-H bond length with contraction of intermolecular distance.Herein,the high-precision ab initio methods of calculations applied on water dimer shows that the O-H bond length decreases and H-bond(H…O) becomes weaker with decreasing H-bond length and O…O distance,which can be considered as the uncooperative effect of hydrogen bond(O-H…O).It is ascribed to the exchange repulsion of electrons,which results in decrease of the O-H bond length and prevents the decrease in the O…O distance connected with the increasing scale of water clusters.Our findings highlight the uncooperative effect of hydrogen bond attributed to exchange repulsion of electrons as the mechanism for stabilizing water dimer in vapor phase,and open a new perspective for studies of hydrogen-bonded systems.     

控制脉冲形状对太赫兹光非对称解复用器开关特性的影响

在考虑了太赫兹光非对称解复用器 (TOAD)中半导体光放大器 (SOA)的增益饱和与恢复效应的基础上 ,深入研究了超高斯控制脉冲对半导体光放大器的动态增益响应及太赫兹光非对称解复用器开关特性的影响 ,并与高斯控制脉冲的情形进行了比较。结果表明 :相对于高斯控制脉冲而言 ,超高斯控制脉冲使半导体光放大器的增益转折区减小 ,显著影响太赫兹光非对称解复用器的开关窗口形状 ,当信号光相对于控制光时延一定 ,或环时间非对称性及信号光相对于控制光的全部时延一定时 ,超高斯控制脉冲都将使太赫兹光非对称解复用器的最大开关比降低     

P PT等离子体运动图像的时间标定

用高速摄影机拍摄火花塞点火的火花出现的瞬间为参考点,可以确定脉冲等离子体推力器放电电流波形与放电过程中所摄照片时间上的对应关系。这对于用高速摄影方法研究推力器放电过程是非常重要的。