MoO3催化碳酸二甲酯与乙酸苯酯合成碳酸二苯酯

采用焙烧法制备了MoO3催化剂并将其用于碳酸二甲酯(DMC)与乙酸苯酯(PA)合成碳酸二苯酯(DPC)反应,考察了焙烧温度对催化荆性能的影响,并用X射线衍射(XRD)对催化剂结构进行了表征.结果发现,在400或500℃焙烧的催化剂具有良好的催化性能,DMC转化率为73.9%,DPC和甲基苯基碳酸酯的选择性分别为39.5%和56.5%.XRD结果表明,该催化剂物相组成为正交晶系MoO3,且(021)或/和(110)晶面有利于酯交换反应.催化剂使用5次后DMC转化率从73.9%降至10.2%,多次重复使用后的催化剂在窄气气氛中于400或500℃焙烧即可再生,再生后催化剂的性能几乎和新鲜催化剂相当.     

苯氨基甲酸甲酯分解催化剂Bi-Zn复合氧化物的制备及其催化性能

采用共沉淀法制备了一系列Bi-Zn复合氧化物催化剂并将其用于催化苯氨基甲酸甲酯(MPC)分解制备苯基异氰酸酯(PI).用热重、X射线衍射和傅里叶变换红外光谱考察了Bi/Zn摩尔比和焙烧温度对催化剂物相结构和表面性质的影响.结果表明,Zn的加入使Bi_2O_3由α晶相转变为活性更高的β晶相,500℃焙烧时Bi-Zn前驱体分解较为完全,析出Bi_2O_3粒子的同时伴生较多Bi_(7.65)Zn_(0.35)O_(11.83)晶相.在Bi/Zn摩尔比为2/1,焙烧温度为500℃条件下制得的催化剂活性最高,此时MPC转化率为86.O%,PI选择性为91.7%,优于单独使用Bi_2O_3时的催化性能.     

蛋白质折叠类型的分类建模与识别

蛋白质的氨基酸序列如何决定空间结构是当今生命科学研究中的核心问题之一. 折叠类型反映了蛋白质核心结构的拓扑模式, 折叠识别是蛋白质序列-结构研究的重要内容. 我们以占Astral 1.65序列数据库中α, β和α/β三类蛋白质总量41.8%的36个无法独立建模的折叠类型为研究对象, 选取其中序列一致性小于25%的样本作为训练集, 以均方根偏差(RMSD)为指标分别进行系统聚类, 生成若干折叠子类, 并对各子类建立基于多结构比对算法(MUSTANG)结构比对的概形隐马尔科夫模型(profile-HMM). 将Astral 1.65中序列一致性小于95%的9505个样本作为检验集, 36个折叠类型的平均识别敏感性为90%, 特异性为99%, 马修斯相关系数(MCC)为0.95. 结果表明: 对于成员较多, 无法建立统一模型的折叠类型, 基于RMSD的系统分类建模均可实现较高准确率的识别, 为蛋白质折叠识别拓展了新的方法和思路, 为进一步研究奠定了基础.     

杂多酸盐催化合成碳酸丙烯酯

以杂多酸盐为催化剂,尿素(1)和1,2-丙二醇(2)为原料合成了碳酸丙烯酯.考察了不同杂多酸盐的催化活性和影响反应的因素.较适宜的反应条件为: 1 500 mmol, n(1) ∶ n(2)=1 ∶ 2, w(钨硅酸锌)=2.0%,于165 ℃反应6 h,收率97.32%.硅钨酸锌重复使用5次后,收率仍高于90%.     

三亚甲基碳酸酯基响应性脂肪族聚碳酸酯的研究进展

脂肪族聚碳酸酯是一类可生物降解、生物相容性的材料,在生物医药方面引起广泛关注。两亲性脂肪族聚碳酸酯聚合物中,聚碳酸酯部分凭借其疏水性能处于胶束内核部位,且该部分通过物理包覆、化学键合等方式使聚合物与药物相结合,提升了响应环境下药物运输与释放的方式与能力。因此,本工作对近年来响应性脂肪族聚碳酸酯的研究进展进行了综述,主要阐述了具有外环境刺激响应(pH、光、温度和氧化还原)脂肪族聚碳酸酯的合成、响应原理、在药物传递和释放方面的应用。     

Adaptive and optimal detection of elastic object scattering with single-channel monostatic iterative time reversal

In active sonar operation,the presence of background reverberation and the low signal-to-noise ratio hinder the detection of targets.This paper investigates the application of single-channel monostatic iterative time reversal to mitigate the difficulties by exploiting the resonances of the target.Theoretical analysis indicates that the iterative process will adaptively lead echoes to converge to a narrowband signal corresponding to a scattering object’s dominant resonance mode,thus optimising the return level.The experiments in detection of targets in free field and near a planar interface have been performed.The results illustrate the feasibility of the method.     

高职生化学实验意识的调查及分析

实验教学,除了加强学生的基本操作技能外,更要培养学生的实验意识,只有把实验操作能力和实验意识结合起来,才能更好地培养学生的实验能力。通过对09级高职制剂4个班级学生进行问卷调查,探查高职生的化学实验意识,为今后的化学实验教学提供参考。     

Characteristics of xenon-lamp pumped pyrromethene 567-doped dye laser based on polymethylmethacrylater

The solid-state medium containing pyrromethene 567 (PM567) in a polymethylmethacrylate polymer host is shown to lase under the flash lamp excitation. The experimental setup is an ordinary industrial product without special design. The bulk transmission losses, the output energy, and the other lasing properties are compared. The medium with the lowest transmission loss, measured to be 0.392 %/cm at 633 nm, gives a laser output of 130 mJ with a slope efficiency of 0.082%.     

LiNbO3负极薄膜电化学性能及全固态薄膜锂离子电池应用

全固态薄膜锂离子电池具有易微型化与集成化等优点,因此,非常适合为微系统供电。负极对全固态薄膜锂离子电池的性能有重要影响。现有电池通常采用金属锂作为负极,然而其枝晶生长问题及低的热稳定性限制了相应电池在工业、军事等高温、高安全场合应用。为此,本文系统研究了LiNbO₃薄膜的电化学性能,结果表明:LiNbO₃薄膜呈现高比容量(410.2 mAh·g^-1)、高倍率(30C时比容量80.9 mAh·g^-1)和长循环性能(2000圈循环后的容量保持率为100%),以及高的室温离子电导率(4.5×10^-8 S·cm^-1)。在此基础上,基于LiNbO3薄膜构建出全固态薄膜锂离子电池Pt|NCM523|LiPON|LiNbO₃|Pt,其展现出较高的面容量(16.3μAh·cm^-2)、良好的倍率(30μA·cm^-2下比容量1.9μAh·cm^-2)及长循环稳定性(300圈循环后的容量保持率...     

Microwave absorption properties regulation and bandwidth formula of oriented Y2Fe17N3-δ@SiO2/PU composite synthesized by reduction-diffusion method

As concepts closely related to microwave absorption properties, impedance matching and phase matching were rarely combined with material parameters to regulate properties and explore related mechanisms. In this work, reduction-diffusion method was innovatively applied to synthesize rare earth alloy Y$_{2}$Fe$_{17}$. In order to regulate the electromagnetic parameters of absorbers, the Y$_{2}$Fe$_{17}$N$_{3-\delta }$ particles were coated with silica (Y$_{2}$Fe$_{17}$N$_{3-\delta }$@SiO$_{2}$) and absorbers with different volume fractions were prepared. The relationship between impedance matching, matching thickness, and the strongest reflection loss peak (${\rm RL}_{\rm min}$) was presented obviously. Compared to the microwave absorption properties of Y$_{2}$Fe$_{17}$N$_{3-\delta }$/PU absorber, Y$_{2}$Fe$_{17}$N$_{3-\delta }$@SiO$_{2}$/PU absorbers are more conducive to the realization of microwave absorption material standards which are thin thickness, light weight, strong absorbing intensity, and broad bandwidth. Based on microwave frequency bands, the microwave absorption properties of the absorbers were analyzed and the related parameters were listed. As an important parameter related to perfect matching, reflection factor ($\sqrt {ărepsilon_{\rm r}/\mu_{\rm r}}$) was discussed combined with microwave amplitude attenuation. According to the origin and mathematical model of bandwidth, the formula of EAB (${\rm RL}<-10$ dB) was derived and simplified. The calculated bandwidths agreed well with experimental results.