生物添加剂对汽油机燃油经济性及废气排放影响的研究

将一种棕榈油提取物作为添加剂,加入汽油中以研究其对汽油机燃油经济性和排放品质的影响。针对市场上正使用的辛烷值为93#的高清洁汽油和乙醇汽油,通过发动机台架试验对加剂前后的汽油机性能指标进行了对比和分析．结果表明:加入此种添加剂后对各种汽油的燃油经济性有大幅改善作用,对乙醇汽油的效果尤甚。加剂后可以使乙醇汽油的燃油经济性与普通汽油完全一样。对于93#高清洁汽油,除了未燃碳氢(HC)略有上升外,其他排放物如氮氧化物 (Nox)、一氧化碳等有所减少, CO2排放有明显的改善。对于乙醇汽油,则HC和CO2略有上升。     

激光介质的多次吸收不均匀内热源模型

针对激光介质的内热源,以多次吸收作用为基础提出了适用于侧面双向泵浦板状激光介质的不均匀内热源模型,即多次吸收不均匀内热源模型,并与均匀内热源和一次吸收内热源模型进行了对比分析。研究表明,介质厚度及光吸收系数组成的无量纲参数不同时,三种内热源模型得到的内热源分布也有所不同。最后给出了内热源不均匀度及多次吸收模型与一次吸收模型之间的差异在不同目标值下的内热源模型适用准则。     

基于超分子结构共掺杂纳米复合薄膜的制备与荧光特性

为改善功能分了的特性,提出一种基于金属纳米粒子-偶氮染料复合物共掺杂超分子结构功能材料的设计新方法.并依照此方法制备出复合材料,观测了其显微结构,测量了其紫外-可见光吸收,研究了该超分子结构复合体系的荧光特性.实验发现,由于金属银纳米粒子的掺杂,使得超分子结构复合体系中功能分子甲基橙在溶液态体系的荧光强度增强近5倍,而在两种不同结构(共混结构和包覆结构)的薄膜态超分子结构体系中,其荧光强度分别被猝灭15%和20%.研究结果表明,复合膜中采用超分子结构完全能够改善功能分子的特性.     

Z箍缩驱动聚变-裂变混合堆氚燃料循环系统氚盘存量与氚自持初步分析

为研究氚自持条件,建立了Z-FFR氚分析模型,基于理论方程和氚平均滞留时间方法进行计算,得到稳态运行时排灰气处理系统、氚增殖提取系统、同位素分离系统、水去氚化系统的氚质量流分别为52.30,25.40,81.30,3.60 g/day,对应的氚盘存量为52.30,25.40,8.13,1.80 g。同时以氚质量流推导出氚自持判断条件,分析了设计参数能够满足氚自持要求,同时获得了燃烧效率、氚增殖率、提取效率与氚自持的互补关系,三者作为关键参数相互依存,于临界值、设计值、理想值之间分析了氚的自持情况。     

氮化镓基感光栅极高电子迁移率晶体管器件设计与制备

GaN基高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT)作为栅控器件,具有AlGaN/GaN异质结处高浓度的二维电子气(2DEG)及对表面态敏感等特性,在栅位置处与感光功能薄膜的结合是光探测器领域重要的研究方向之一.本文首先提出在GaN基HEMT栅电极上引入光敏材料锆钛酸铅(PZT),将具有光伏效应的铁电薄膜PZT与HEMT栅极结合,提出一种新的"金属/铁电薄膜/金属/半导体(M/F/M/S)"结构;然后在以蓝宝石为衬底的AlGaN/GaN外延片上制备感光栅极HEMT器件.最后,通过PZT的光伏效应来调控沟道中的载流子浓度和通过源漏电流的变化来实现对可见光和紫外光的探测.在365 nm紫外光和普通可见光条件下,对比测试有/无感光栅极的HEMT器件,在较小V_(gs)电压时,可见光下测得前者较后者的饱和漏源电流I_(ds)的增幅不下降,紫外光下前者较后者的I_(ds)增幅大5.2 mA,由此可知,感光栅PZT在可见光及紫外光下可作用于栅极GaN基HEMT器件并可调控沟道电流.     

Spatial heterogeneity in liquid–liquid phase transition

Molecular dynamics simulations are performed to investigate the liquid–liquid phase transition(LLPT) and the spatial heterogeneity in Al–Pb monotectic alloys. The results reveal that homogeneous liquid Al–Pb alloy undergoes an LLPT,separating into Al-rich and Pb-rich domains, which is quite different from the isocompositional liquid water with a transition between low-density liquid(LDL) and high-density liquid(HDL). With spatial heterogeneity becoming large, LLPT takes place correspondingly. The relationship between the cooling rate, relaxation temperature and percentage of Al and the spatial heterogeneity is also reported. This study may throw light on the relationship between the structure heterogeneity and LLPT, which provides novel strategies to control the microstructures in the fabrication of the material with high performance.     

Angular distributions of CH3I fragment ions under the irradiation of a single pulse and trains of ultrashort laser pulses

The angular distribution of CH3I is investigated experimentally using a single Fourier transform-limited laser pulse and a pulse train, where a 90-fs 800-nm linearly polarized laser field with a moderate intensity of 2.8×1013 W/cm2 is used. The dynamic alignment is demonstrated in a single pulse experiment. Moreover, a pulse train is used to optimize the molecular alignment, and the alignment degree is almost identical to that with the single pulse. The results are analysed by using chirped femtosecond laser pulses, and it demonstrates that the structure of pulse train rather than its effective duration is crucial to the molecular alignment.     

一种高分辨率电视制导连续变焦光学系统

依据高分辨率电视图像导引头瞬时视场和作用距离的要求,结合选定相机的光敏面尺寸等,计算并确定了光学系统的焦距范围,根据光学系统分辨率以及结构尺寸等要求,确定了光学系统的F数,选择机械补偿法、负组补偿的变焦结构,给出焦距分配过程,最后,给出了焦距为40 mm～152 mm、F数为3.5的连续变焦光学系统的设计结果。设计结果表明:在整个变焦过程中,光学系统的传递函数值在106 lp/mm处达到或接近0.4,像面稳定,像质良好。     

Direct Current Hopping Conductivity in One—Dimensional Nanometre Systems

A one-dimensional random nanocrystalline chain model is established.A dc electron-phonon-field conductance model of electron tunnelling transfer is set up,and a new dc conductance formula in one-dimensional nanometre systems is derived.By calculationg the dc conductivity,the relationship among the electric field,temperature and conductivity is analysed.and the effect of the crystalline grain size and the distrotion of interfacial atoms on the dc conductance is discussed.The result shows that the nanometre system appears the characteristic of negative differential dependence of resistance and temperature at low temperature.The dc conductivity of nanometre systems varies with the change of electric field and trends to rise as the crystalline grain size increases and to decrease as the distroted degree of interfacial atoms increases.     

原子力与光子扫描隧道组合显微镜

介绍了超高分辨光于扫描隧遭显微镜（PSTM）的计冗历程,为解决第一代（单光束照明）光千扫捕隧逼显傲镜中存在人为假象和样品光学图像与形貌图像难于分离两个难题,用“对称双光束照明方法消假象,用原子力与光子扫描隧道组合显微镜（AF／PSTM）图像分解方法分离样品光学透过率、折射率与形貌图像。研制成功新一代原子力与光子扫描隧道组合显微镜（AF／PSTM）样机。该样机在一次扫描中已获得两幅原子力显微镜图像（形貌与相位）和两幅光学图像（透过率和折射率）,有效地减少了假象,分解了样品光学折射率、透过率与形貌图像。