Hierarchical structure and biomineralization in cricket teeth

The cricket is a truculent insect with stiff and sharp teeth as a fighting weapon. The structure and possible biomineralization of cricket teeth are always interesting. Synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, and small angle X-ray scattering techniques were used to probe the element distribution, possible crystalline structures and size distribution of scatterers in cricket teeth. A scanning electron microscope was used to observe the nanoscaled structure. The results demonstrate that Zn is the main heavy element in cricket teeth. The surface of a cricket tooth has a crystalline compound like ZnFe2(AsO4)2(OH)2(H2O)4 . The interior of the tooth has a crystalline compound like ZnCl2 , which is from the biomineralization. The ZnCl2-like biomineral forms nanoscaled microfibrils and their axial direction points towards the top of the tooth cusp. The microfibrils aggregate randomly into intermediate filaments, forming a hierarchical structure. A sketch map of the cricket tooth cusp is proposed and a detailed discussion is given in this paper.     

New assembly route for three-dimensional metamaterials obtained through effective medium theory

In this study,we illustrate the effective medium theories in the designs of three-dimensional composite metamaterials of both negative permittivity and negative permeability.The proposed metamaterial consists of random coated spheres with sizes smaller compared to the wavelength embedded in a dielectric host.Simple design rules and formulas following the effective medium models are numerically and analytically presented.We demonstrate that the revised Maxwell-Garnett effective medium theory enables us to design three-dimensional composite metamaterials through the assembly of coated spheres which are random and much smaller than the wavelength of the light.The proposed approach allows for the precise control of the permittivity and the permeability and guides a facile,flexible,and versatile way for the fabrication of composite metamaterials.     

新课标下如何激活高中物理教学

在物理新课标下,更加重视知识的实用性与实践性,教学的互动性,学生的自主性、独立性,从而激活高中物理教学。那么,在高中物理学习中,教师该如何激活高中物理教学,笔者由教学形式与教学活动等方面切入,进行具体分析。     

基于句法分析的临床指南事件及事件关系提取

研究了临床指南事件及事件关系的提取,提出了基于句法分析的事件信息抽取方法.通过分析临床指南语料库,总结出临床指南事件及关系模型;将临床指南数据进行句法分析,根据事件触发词来匹配事件与事件关系模型;将抽取出的事件信息进行优化处理,得到最终结果.通过具体临床指南数据对方法进行评估,获得了较好的准确率与召回率,验证了该方法的可行性与有效性.     

Optical cavity resonance with magnetized plasma

Indefinite media with mixed signs of dielectric tensor elements possess unbounded equifrequency surfaces that have been utilized for diverse applications such as superimaging, enhanced spontaneous emission, and thermal radiation. One particularly interesting application of indefinite media is an optical cavity supporting anomalous scaling laws. In this Letter, we show that by replacing an indefinite medium with magnetized plasma one can construct a tunable indefinite cavity. The magnetized plasma model is based on realistic semiconductor material properties at terahertz frequencies that show hyperbolic dispersion in a certain frequency regime. The hyperbolic dispersion features are utilized for the design of optical cavities. Dramatically different sizes of cavities can support the same resonance mode at the same frequency. For a cavity of fixed size, the anomalous scaling law between the resonance frequency and mode number is confirmed. The resonance frequency can be strongly modulated by changing the strength of the applied magnetic field. The proposed model provides active controllability of terahertz resonances on the deep subwavelength scale with realistic semiconductor materials.     

静高压下Cu－Si块状纳米合金的制备与表征

用压淬的方法，在６ＧＰａ静高压下，以２００Ｋ／ｓ的冷却速率冷却熔融状态的Ｃｕ＿（７０）Ｓｉ＿（３０）合金，制备出块状Ｃｕ－Ｓｉ纳米合金．Ｘ射线衍射和透射电子显微镜分析表明：该纳米合金由γ－Ｃｕ＿５Ｓｉ和一未知相组成，未知相为简单立方晶体，晶格常数α＝０．８５３５ｎｍ，其热力学状态为亚稳态。并对静高压下块状纳米合金的形成机理进行了探讨。     

Ce^3＋—Gd^3＋在某些稀土硼酸盐体系中的能量传递

Ce~(3 )离子有一个宽而强的4f-5d吸收带,它能有效地吸收能量。Ce~(3 )离子的荧光寿命非常短,能将能量有效地传递给其它离子起敏化作用。对于Ce~(3 )→Tb~3 ),Ce~(3 )→EU~(3 )和Ce~(2 )→Mn~(3 )的敏化作用已有许多报导,并在灯用发光材料上获得应用。Blasse等提出在Ce~(3 )敏化Tb~(3 )时。用Gd~(3 )作中间体能获得高效发光材料。由于Ce~(3 )的5d能级强烈地依赖于基质,其发射波长可以从紫外到红区,而Gd~(3 )的4f-4f跃迁的激发和发射峰值随基质的变化改变不大,因此将有可能呈现不同的Ce~(3 )-Gd~(3 )的能量转移过程。     

Soluble Polymer-Supported Synthesis of Pyrazoles via 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Strategy

Rapid parallel liquid-phase synthesis of pyrazoles has first been developed. The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between nitrilimines generated in situ and soluble polymer-supported alkynyl or alkenyl dipolarophiles in parallel one-pot fashion gave the corresponding PEG-supported regioisomeric pyrazoles or regiospecific pyrazolines. The latter was assuredly oxidated by DDQ to PEG-supported regiospecific pyrazoles. Cleavage from the support under mild conditions afforded pyrazoles in good yields and high ouritv.