SnO_2-Al_2O_3固体酸催化剂的制备及其对苯液相硝化反应的催化活性

采用混合研磨法制备了一系列锡基混合氧化物催化剂(Sn-M,M=La,V,Ce,Fe,Nb,Sb,Al,Mn,Ti)。以65%～68%HNO3为硝化剂,研究了Sn-M催化苯液相硝化合成硝基苯的反应,结果表明Sn-Al具有最好的催化活性。采用NH3-TPD和Py-IR法测量了不同锡铝比[r=n(Sn)∶n(Al)]的Sn-Al催化剂的表面酸性质,结果表明适量的铝可提高Sn-Al催化剂的催化活性,最佳r=1∶8。在最佳反应条件[苯18 mL,V(硝酸)∶V(苯)=2,于75℃反应7 h]下,硝基苯产率85.5%,选择性100%。Sn-Al(r=1∶8)催化剂重复使用5次,活性基本无变化。     

六亚甲基-1,6-二异氰酸酯的高效液相色谱分析

基甲酸甲酯(HDU)的分析方法:用二乙胺做衍生试剂,把HDI衍生成脲以保护HDI中的活泼-NCO基团,再通过高效液相色谱分析,用Symmetry Shield RP18色谱柱,乙腈/水(体积比1/1)为流动相,流量为1.0mL/min,检测波长为200nm,可以同时将HDI、HDU和反应液中其它化合物完全分离。HDU、HDI分别在0.14～5.60g/L,0.02～0.80g/L的浓度范围内呈良好线性关系,方法回收率HDU为96.4%～98.6%,HDI为95.0%～100.0%;相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于5.0%。本方法准确、快速、简便,能很好地满足HDI合成液中HDI、HDU的分析。     

KI与无机铵盐催化CO2与环氧丙烷合成碳酸丙烯酯

以无毒、合成简单、廉价的无机铵盐(氨基甲酸铵、碳酸氢铵、碳酸铵等)为助催化剂,研究其对卤化钾(KCl、KBr、KI)催化CO2与环氧丙烷合成碳酸丙烯酯(PC)的影响.结果表明,卤化钾与无机铵盐显示出很好的协同催化效应.其中以氨基甲酸铵为助催化剂,KI为主催化剂时,催化合成PC的效果最好.同时考察了催化剂用量、反应温度、CO2初始压力、PC的预加入量、反应时间等因素对反应的影响.在优化条件下,PC收率大于99%.     

芳香化合物绿色硝化催化剂研究进展

本文综述了近年来用于芳香化合物绿色硝化反应的较有工业化前景的三种催化剂的研究进展,包括固体酸、金属硝酸盐、稀土杂合物等,着重探讨了上述催化剂对硝化反应选择性的作用机理。     

有机小分子催化合成高聚物的研究进展

综述了有机小分子催化剂在高分子合成上应用的研究进展,着重分析催化剂结构与催化效能、单体的选择性以及聚合物的性质之间的关系。     

氟化物熔盐中铀离子的电化学行为研究

采用循环伏安法和计时电位法研究了1073K下U4+在LiF-NaF熔盐中的电化学还原机理。结果表明,U4+在氟化物熔盐中的还原分为2步,分析了各步的反应电子数,确定U4+还原过程为U4++e=U3+,U3++3e=U;循环伏安曲线中2个还原峰的峰电位并不随扫速增大而显著负移,峰电流与扫速的平方根呈良好的线性关系,说明这2个还原过程均为扩散控制且是可逆反应;计算得到了1073K下U4+在LiF-NaF中的扩散系数为DU(IV)=2.58×10-5cm2/s。     

AROMATIC AND HETEROCYCLIC DINITRILES AND THEIR POLYMERS ⅪⅤ. STUDY ON THE CATALYSTS OF THE POLYMERIZATION OF AROMATIC NITRILES*

Various catalysts for the polymerization ot aromatic nitriles were investigated. It was found that Lewis acid-metal is a preferable catalyst system for the polymerization of aromatic nitriles, and the polymerization rate is about 10 times faster than Lewis acid alone. The polymerization rate of benzonitrile catalyzed by Lewis acid and different metals was measured, and the activity of metals was in the following decreasing order ,magnesium, zinc, sodium, calcium. Furthermore, the polymerization of benzonitrile catalyzed by different Lewis acid and zinc was also investigated.     

含硫碳负离子的反应及其应用的研究 II: 固-液相转移催化共轭加成作用

亲核性的碳负离子与亲电性碳-碳重键的共轭加成反应是构成新碳-碳键的重要方法。某些α-亚磺酰基碳负离子虽然也能与α,β-不饱和酯进行共轭加成,但要有效地产生这类含硫碳负离子往往要用对潮气敏感的强碱性试剂,如氢化钠等。最近,我们报告了在固-液相转移催化条件下α-苯亚磺酰基乙酸甲酯(1)的碳负离子的     

负载PbO催化剂对苯胺与碳酸二甲酯合成苯氨基甲酸甲酯的催化性能

 考察了几种负载PbO催化剂对苯胺(An)与碳酸二甲酯(DMC)反应合成苯氨基甲酸甲酯(MPC)的催化性能. 结果表明, PbO/SiO2对该反应表现出很高的催化活性. 当w(PbO)=3.6%, n(PbO)/n(An)=1%, n(DMC)/n(An)=5, θ=160 ℃和t=4 h时, MPC收率达到99.5%. PbO/SiO2容易从反应体系中分离,且可重复使用5次,催化活性基本保持不变,使用寿命较长.     

AROMATIC AND HETEROCYCLIC NITRILES AND THEIR POLYMERS ⅩⅦ. THE POLYMERIZATION KINETICS OF CYANOPYRIDINES AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE FORMED POLYMER*

The polymerization rates of three cyanopyridines catalyzed by cuprous chloride-zinc system are measured, and the structure of the formed polymer is also determined. Compared with aromatic nitrile, cyanopyridines polymerize faster and form polyconjugated polymer with skeleton—(C=N)—_n instead of triazine structure. This chain-polymer possesses semiconductive property, and can be converted into conductive material by thermal treatment. In addition, the polymerization kinetics of 3-cyanopyridine catalyzed by 3-cyanopyridinium perchlorate is investigated. It is found that the polymerization rate is directly proportional to the concentrations of monomer and catalyst, and the activation energy of the polymerization is 103.1 KJ/mol.