A two-stage spectrum sensing scheme based on energy detection and a novel multitaper method

Wideband spectrum sensing has drawn much attention in recent years since it provides more opportunities to the secondary users. However, wideband spectrum sensing requires a long time and a complex mechanism at the sensing terminal.A two-stage wideband spectrum sensing scheme is considered to proceed spectrum sensing with low time consumption and high performance to tackle this predicament. In this scheme, a novel multitaper spectrum sensing(MSS) method is proposed to mitigate the poor performance of energy detection(ED) in the low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) region. The closed-form expression of the decision threshold is derived based on the Neyman–Pearson criterion and the probability of detection in the Rayleigh fading channel is analyzed. An optimization problem is formulated to maximize the probability of detection of the proposed two-stage scheme and the average sensing time of the two-stage scheme is analyzed. Numerical results validate the efficiency of MSS and show that the two-stage spectrum sensing scheme enjoys higher performance in the low SNR region and lower time cost in the high SNR region than the single-stage scheme.     

气相色谱-负化学电离源-飞行时间质谱测定烟草中有机氯农药残留

采用QuEChERS前处理方法,建立了气相色谱-负化学电离源-飞行时间质谱(GC-NCI-TOF-MS)检测烟草中10种有机氯农药残留的分析方法。样品采用乙酸乙酯-正己烷(1 : 1, v/v)溶液提取,提取液经N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)、无水硫酸镁分散固相萃取净化,用GC-NCI-TOF-MS检测分析。根据有机氯化合物特征离子的精确质量数、同位素离子峰簇、碎片离子丰度比和保留时间对目标物定性鉴定,外标法定量。10种有机氯农药的线性关系良好,相关系数 (r²)均大于0.997;相对标准偏差小于6.5%;检出限为0.04~0.80 μ g/kg;加标回收率为77.2%~93.0%。该方法简单快速、灵敏度高、准确性好,适用于烟草中有机氯农药残留的定性分析和定量检测。     

霾光谱特性分析与卫星遥感识别算法

近年来,我国频繁发生的灰霾污染事件和常态性的高细颗粒物浓度(PM_2.5),已经引起了全世界范围的广泛关注。卫星遥感能够对大气污染进行快速准确地监测。然而在大气遥感领域具有代表性的中分辨率成像光谱仪(NASA/MODIS),其云监测和暗像元反演算法通常把灰霾当做薄云、雾或地表亮目标处理,无法反演霾天的气溶胶光学厚度(aerosol optical depth, AOD)。笔者研究了云、雾、霾、地表覆盖等不同像元在可见光、近红外以及红外通道的光谱特性。基于MODIS数据,参考相关的云监测和气溶胶反演算法,选取多个对灰霾敏感的光谱通道,计算表观反射率和亮度温度。针对不同波段,分别探讨了霾与薄云、低层云、雾、浓密植被和地表亮目标等像元之间的光谱差异,统计灰霾分布的阈值区间,并设计基于MODIS卫星遥感数据的灰霾识别自动处理流程。通过对2008年华北平原春夏两个重霾事件进行测试,该算法的霾分布监测结果与卫星真彩图具有较好的一致性。基于北京和香河AERONET站点观测的高AOD数据,验证了本算法的霾识别率接近80%,在一定程度能够弥补MODIS标准气溶胶算法用于灰霾天的不足。最后,分析了灰霾识别过程中的主要误差来源,并提出了基于霾纹理特征,以及其他辅助数据支撑的改进方法。     

RHIC和LHC能区两粒子关联函数研究

应用多源热模型研究了相对论性重离子对撞机（RHIC）上PHENIX合作组测得的每核子对质心能量√sNN=200 GeV的氘-金（d+Au）碰撞中快度长程方位角关联,和大型强子对撞机（LHC）上CMS合作组测得的质心能量√s=0.9,2.36,7 TeV的质子质子（p+p）碰撞中高多重数短程赝快度关联,在误差范围内模型结果很好地重现了实验数据。用4个参数分析了长程方位角关联,结果表明,参数可以清楚地显示出脊结构的变化趋势,说明脊结构与集体效应、流体力学流效应、粒子对的横动量及信号等有关。用3个参数分析了小系统高多重数短程赝快度关联,结果表明,参数σ和c₃与能量相关,能量越大,两粒子越靠近,关联越强。The multi-source thermal model is used in this paper to analyze the long-range azimuth correlation in deutron-gold (d+Au) collisions at center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair √sNN=200 GeV measured by the PHENIX Collaboration at the relativistic heavy ion collider (RHIC), and the short-range pseudorapidity correlation in high multiplicity event in proton-proton (p+p) collisions at center-of-mass energy √s=0.9, 2.36, 7 TeV measured by the CMS Collaboration at the large hadron collider (LHC). The modeling results are in approximately agreement with the experimental data in error ranges. Four parameters are used in the analysis of long-range azimuth correlation, which show that the parameters describe the change trend of ridge structure. The ridge structure is related to the collective effect, hydrodynamic flow effect, transverse momentum and signal of particle pair, and so forth. Three parameters are used in the analysis of the short-range pseudorapidity correlation in high multiplicity event in small system, which show that the parameters σ and c3 are related to collision energy. Large collision energy results in strong correlation due to close distance between particles.     

Optimization of loss and gain multilayers for reducing the scattering of a perfect conducting cylinder

Reduction of electromagnetic scattering from a conducting cylinder could be achieved by covering it with optimized multilayers of normal dielectric and plasmonic material. The plasmonic material with intrinsic losses could degrade the cloaking effect. Using a genetic algorithm, we present the optimized design of loss and gain multilayers for reduction of the scattering from a perfect conducting cylinder. This multilayered structure is theoretically and numerically analyzed when the plasmonic material with low loss and high loss respectively is considered. We demonstrate by full-wave simulation that the optimized nonmagnetic gain-loss design can greatly compensate the decreased cloaking effect caused by loss material,which facilitates the realization of practical electromagnetic cloaking, especially in the optical range.     

纳米柱表面等离子体共振的调制及其红外光谱增强特性研究

采用电子束直写光刻和离子束刻蚀的方法, 将具有不同周期的纳米金柱阵列制备于透明的石英衬底上. 通过对样品的透射光谱进行采集和分析可知, 改变纳米柱阵列周期可以实现在红外波段对局域表面等离子共振的精密调节. 实验结果表明, 在透射谱中共振谷的波长随着周期的增大而红移, 且红移的距离可以通过控制纳米柱阵列的周期进行调制. 理论模拟结果与实验结果在一定程度上相吻合. 此外, 还对不同高度的纳米柱阵列的透射谱进行比较和分析. 更进一步, 将制备的纳米银柱阵列和傅里叶变换光谱仪的ATR附件相耦合, 有效增强了葡萄糖溶液的吸收谱强度. 可见周期结构的纳米柱阵列可以有效增大样品表面的近场场强, 在信号传感和检测等领域有着广泛的应用前景.     

2.76 TeV铅-铅碰撞中带电粒子的方位角分布

利用多源热模型分析了ATLAS实验组2.76 TeV 铅-铅碰撞中产生的、带电粒子在多个不同中心度事例中的方位角分布,并与n=2,4,6 和n=2 的傅里叶级数形式的方位角分布进行了比较。同时,利用由多源热模型得到的散射源在横动量空间的结构参数,计算了散射源在横动量空间的各向异性率和相对膨胀率,且与相关傅里叶系数进行了比较。在各个中心度区间,横动量空间的各向异性率和相对膨胀率都小于相应的傅里叶系数,椭圆各向异性是末态方位角分布中最主要的成分,其他成分的各向异性在各中心度区间的贡献不同且作用不可忽视。We analyze the azimuthal distributions of charged particles produced in 2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisionsfrom ATLAS experimental group in eight different centralities by using the multi-source thermal model. Themodeling results are compared with the results from Fourier series forms with n = 2,4,6 and n = 2. Meanwhile,the anisotropy ratios and the relative expansion rates of scattering source in transverse momentum space are  calculated applying the transverse structural parameters of multi-source thermal model, and the modeling results are compared with the associated fourier coefficients. The anisotropy ratios and the relative expansion rates are less than the corresponding fourier coefficients in transverse momentum space in different center intervals. Elliptical anisotropy is main component in azimuthal distribution. Other anisotropies have different contributions in different centralities, and these contributions cannot be neglected.     

圆柱壳在两种非轴对称同步移动载荷作用下的动力响应

本文根据工程实例计算的需要,研究了有限长弹性圆柱薄壳在两种非轴对称同步移动载荷作用下的动力响应问题。两种非轴对称同步移动载荷作用是指非轴对称移动的集中载荷,以及同步移动且作用范围随移动位置增加的均布载荷的共同作用。建立了在上述两种不同类型载荷作用下的具有对称形式的动力学微分方程组;分别采用Dirac函数与Heaviside函数表示移动的均布载荷与集中载荷,设定位移函数的基础上,应用Galerkin法及Laplace变换,求得了圆柱薄壳应力与位移动态响应的解析解;通过具体算例,将所得到解析解的计算结果与ANSYS数值解进行了对比分析,验证了解析解的可靠性。     

机翼上反角对纵向气动特性的影响研究

利用有限体积法离散求解雷诺平均 Navier-Stokes方程,计算了具有不同机翼上反角的翼身组合体构型;着重研究了机翼上反角对纵向升阻、俯仰力矩特性的影响规律;并通过展向压力分布的对比,首次从机理上对这种影响进行了探索解释,为气动布局机翼安装参数的设计提供了思路和参考.研究结果表明:由于上反角主要改变了弦向前50%部分的压力分布,所以机翼上反角越大,前缘上表面吸力峰与下表面正压力下降越多,激波向前移动越大、强度更弱,从而升力、阻力、升阻比均减小.本文在上反角小于9°范围内,上反角每增加1°,升力系数降低0.005,阻力系数降低0.0002,升阻比降低0.04,俯仰力矩导数降低0.001,典型剖面压力最小值降低1%,激波位置前移1.6%.     

一种新型三氮唑化合物的光物理性质及其与血清白蛋白的键合研究

1-(1-萘基)-5-苯基-1H-1,2,3-三唑(1-(naphthalen-1-yl)-5-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole, 简称NPTA)是一种新合成的三氮唑化合物, 研究了其光谱特征及其生物活性. 利用PM3半经验方法的Polak-Ribiere共轭梯度法得到了优化的NPTA分子结构, 进而用分子对接显示与人血清白蛋白(HSA)的键合模式及位点, 再利用紫外光谱、多种荧光光谱法等技术表征了NPTA及其键合HSA的光谱性质. 结果表明: 共轭多烯π键的存在使得NPTA呈现特征的荧光与紫外光谱. 分子模拟的结果表明NPTA可以嵌于HSA分子的疏水腔内, 并与精氨酸Arg222形成四个氢键; 位点竞争实验确定了NPTA在HSA亚结构域的位点II位发生作用. 二维及三维荧光光谱显示NPTA可以猝灭HSA的内源荧光, 使其构象发生变化; 紫外、同步荧光扫描证实NPTA主要猝灭了HSA色氨酸残基的荧光, 并影响了HSA的微环境; 较小的各向异性值说明NPTA与HSA结合后生成的配合物弛豫时间较短, 结合的较松. 荧光滴定法求得不同温度下(299, 309和319 K) NPTA与HSA作用的键合常数, 键合模式为典型的疏水作用, 与分子模拟的结果相一致. 另外, 测定了NPTA与键合HSA相关的几种物理化学参数.