关於冰和水的熱膨脹问题

為了使学生对于冰和水的热膨脹問題樹立起一個正確观念,莫斯科第35中学女教師弗·格·索乌里娜使用了一种圖線方法。圖中横坐標表示温度(自負幾度到8—10°),縱坐标表示体積(取任意單位),圖线变化如圖所示。把圖线画在黑板上,然後詳細研究其中各個部分的意義。線段AB表示冰的热膨脹圖線;縱坐标BO表示在零度的時候冰的体积;CO表示在零度的時候冰所融解成水     

反应气体驱动二级轻气炮发射特性实验及数值计算北大核心CSCD

通过实验确定了20/57mm构型反应气体驱动二级轻气炮的气体装填参数与弹丸动能的关系。实验结果表明,反应气体驱动二级轻气炮的弹丸动能与气体反应化学能之间基本满足二次函数关系,系统发射稳定性满足加载实验要求。发展了基于气体爆轰模型的计算方法,通过数值计算获得了反应气体驱动二级轻气炮的发射特性,弹丸速度的计算结果与实测结果吻合较好。     

低电荷态离子原子碰撞过程中的转移电离机理的研究

介绍了使用位置灵敏技术和飞行时间方法研究中低能低电荷态离子-原子碰撞过程中转移电离与单电子俘获过程.对于确定的入射离子电荷态,通过理论分析及与实验数据对比给出了转移电离与单电子俘获截面比R_TS随着入射离子速度V_P的变化规律和转移电离过程中电离的电子主要来自靶原子的最外亚壳层. 关键词： 转移电离 逃离半径 电离半径 俘获半径     

Multiple ionization of argon accompanied by electron loss and capture of 0.22-6.35 MeV C^q＋ ions

In this paper a projectile ions recoil ions coincidence technique is employed to investigate the target ionization and projectile charge state changing processes in the collision of 0.22-6.35 MeV Cq^＋ （q = 1 - 4） ions with argon atoms. The partial cross section ratios of the double, triple, quadruplicate ionization to the single ionization （or the single capture） of argon associated with single electron loss （or single electron capture） by the projectile are measured and compared with the previous experimental results. In the present experiment, it is observed that the ratios of ionization cross sections R associated with single loss and single capture depend strongly on the projectile charge state and vary significantly with different reaction channels as impact energy increases. In addition, this paper gets empirical scaling laws for the ionization cross section ratios R corresponding to the projectile single loss and finds that the ratios of the double ionization to the single ionization associated with single electron capture remain constant in the present energy range.     

Self-Injection and Acceleration of Monoenergetic Electron Beams from Laser Wakefield Accelerators in a Highly Relativistic Regime

Self-injection and acceleration of monoenergetic electron beams from laser wakefield accelerators are first investigated in the highly relativistic regime, using 100 TW class, 27 fs laser pulses. Quasi-monoenergetic multi- bunched beams with energies as high as multi-hundredMeV are observed with simultaneous measurements of side-scattering emissions that indicate the formation of self-channelfing and self-injection of electrons into a plasma wake, referred to as a ＇bubble＇. The three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations confirmed multiple self-injection of electron bunches into the bubble and their beam acceleration with gradient of 1.5 GeV/cm.     

模拟退火算法在波束图设计中的应用

摘要本文提出了基于模拟退火算法的波束设计方法。模拟退火算法模拟了固体缓慢退火从而获得最低内能的物理过程，是一种简单而有效的随机性全局优化算法。为证明该设计方法的可行性和有效性，给出了15元平面阵的设计实例以及仿真结果。结果表明，使用该方法设计的波束与常规方法相比，获得了更低的旁瓣级。     

固体中原子间相互作用势能函数与碱金属、碱土金属弹性的电子理论

本文提出一个描述固体两原子间相互作用的综合型的势能函数,并用以建立了固体弹性的普遍理论,得出固体的Poisson比为(1/3).应用余氏经验电子理论和固体结合能理论,确定势能函数中的相关参数,计算了碱金属和碱土金属的体弹性模量和杨氏模量.理论值与实验值的相对误差.除铍较大外,其余都令人满意,且比他人的结果好.体弹性模量的相对误差一般在10％上下;杨氏模量在10—30％.文中初步论证了:在一级近似范围内,余氏理论和本文提出的弹性理论是有效的、可靠的.