波浪对污水扩散器出流量影响

污水扩散器排放流量低于一定值时,由于波浪运动会导致环境水体的压力场发生变化从而引起部分竖管没有污水出流或很少,海水会经由扩散器出口侵入扩散器系统.本文根据已建成的上海市污水治理二期工程资料为依据,采用数值计算(其中阻力系数由实验得到)的方法,研究在波浪因素的影响下污水扩散器出流量变化.     

A DOUBLE-TEMPERATURE-GRADIENT TECHNIQUE FOR THE GROWTH OF PURE C60 SINGLE CRYSTALS FROM THE VAPOR PHASE

Pure C₆₀ single crystals were grown by a sublimation-condensation method in an evacuated dosed quartz tube situated in a double-temperature-gradient furnace. Large C₆₀ single crystals, up to a size of 0.6 mm×1.0 mm×2.0 mm with quite smooth and shiny faces, were obtained. X-ray diffraction, electron diffraction and X-ray morphology were carried out and showed that the quality of large C₆₀ single crystals grown by the double-temperature-gradient technique is excellent. In this paper the experimental results of the growth of large C₆₀ single crystals are reported and the morphological and structural characterizations are discussed in detail.     

Morphologies and microstructures of carbon nanotubes prepared by self—sustained arc discharging

We have investigated the morphology and microstructure of carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles in cathode deposits prepared by self-sustained arc discharge. Scanning electron microscopy images indicate that there are two regions exhibiting different morphologies on the top surface of the cathode deposits. In the central region, there is a triangular pattern of spots with a diameter up to 100μm, which consists of carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles. In the fringe region, carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles are distributed randomly. In addition, carbon nanotubes in the central region have a larger inner diameter, compared with those in the fringe region. The outer diameter distribution of tubes in the central region is narrower than that of tubes in the fringe region, while the former has a smaller peak value than the latter. For the nanoparticles, they exhibit a different behaviour from the tubes existing in the same region. The difference between the microstructure of tubes or particles in the two regions is attributed to the different temperatures and temperature gradients during their formation.     

PM567-Doped solid dye lasers based on PMMA

Polymers are a kind of attractive hosts for laser dyes due to their high transparency in both pumping and lasing ranges and superior optical homogeneity. In this paper solid dye samples based on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) doped with different concentrations of 1, 3, 5, 7, 8 -pentamethyl-2, 6-diethylpyrromethene-BF$_{2 }$ (PM567) are prepared. The absorption, fluorescence and lasing spectra of the samples are obtained. Wide absorption and fluorescence bands are obtained and a red shift of the maxima of the lasing emission spectra is observed. With the second-harmonic generation of Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (532\,nm, $\sim $20\,ns) pumping the samples longitudinally, the slope efficiencies of the samples are obtained. There is an optimal dye concentration for the highest slope efficiency when the pumping energy is lower than some typical value ($\sim $250\,mJ), and the highest slope efficiency 35.6{\%} is obtained in the sample with a dye concentration of $2\times10^{ - 4}$\,mol/L. Pumping the samples at a rate of 10Hz with a pulse energy as high as 200\,mJ (the fluence is 0.2\,J/cm$^{2})$, the output energy drops to one-half of its initial value after approximate 15500 pulses and the normalized photostability is 5.17\,GJ/mol. A kind of solid dye laser which could have some applications is built.     

Cr-Ni-N复合薄膜的制备及其摩擦磨损性能初探

采用多弧离子镀技术在9Cr18钢基体上制备了Cr-Ni-N复合薄膜,初步研究了复合薄膜的制备工艺、结构、摩擦学性能及力学性能.结果表明,所制备的复合薄膜具有纳米尺寸的多相结构;氮气流量对薄膜的相组成有明显影响;复合薄膜的硬度较高,韧性和抗磨性能良好.     

硫化反式聚异戊二烯电子性质的理论化学研究

应用量子化学计算方法,对反式聚异戊二烯本征态和硫化态结构的能量及电子性质等进行了计算.结果表明,当聚异戊二烯掺杂硫后,相邻两链之间的距离a⊥变窄,体系的总能量降低,从而使整个掺杂体系更加稳定.另外,在硫化聚异戊二烯分子中,S原子位于两个相邻聚异戊二烯链之间,并偏向于其中一个分子链的C C双键的一侧,即与相邻两链中相对应的两个C C双键形成π-p-π共轭体系,增加了电子在两个聚异戊二烯链间的流动性,从而使硫化的反式聚异戊二烯更加稳定.另外,根据固体能带理论,采用量子化学EHMO方法,对反式聚异戊二烯本征态和硫掺杂态的能带结构进行了计算,根据硫化前后能隙和带宽的变化,解释了反式聚异戊二烯掺杂后呈现电导率各向异性的原因.     

高压淬火直接形成Pd-Si块状纳米晶合金

介绍通过液态合金的高压淬火直接形成Pd-Si块状纳米晶合金的方法及其研究结果.X射线衍射及高分辨电子显微镜分析表明,Pd-(?)Si-(?)合金在低于5.0GPa的压力下以100K/s的冷却速率淬火时形成普通晶粒组织.而当在5.0至6.5GPa的压力下以同样的冷却速率淬火时,得到了晶垃尺寸为30—40nm的块状纳米晶合金.采用这种方法制备的Pd-Si块状纳米晶合金具有高密度、无微孔及晶界间无杂质的特点. 关键词：     

纳米磁流体用于三相中空纤维液相微萃取/HPLC法对尿液中尼古丁的快速测定

首次将磁流体粉末代替磁子,在磁场作用下,以三相中空纤维液相微萃取(three-phase hollow fiberbased liquid phase microextraction,TP-HF-LPME)动态模式进行样品前处理,高效液相色谱(HPLC)为检测手段,建立了一种快速、准确、环境友好的尿中尼古丁含量的测定方法.系统优化了TP-HF-LPME技术的有机溶剂、磁流体粉末加入量、搅拌速率和萃取时间等条件.方法的线性范围0.05～50 mg/L,相关系数0.999 8,检出限为3μg/L(S/N=3),相对标准偏差小于3%.该方法用于测定人体尿样中尼古丁,主动和 被动吸烟者尿中尼古丁含量分别为5.39 mg/L和2.08 mg/L,相对回收率95%～100%,富集倍数17.9倍.     

用于过氧单硫酸盐活化的超耐用氟化V2AlC(英文)

四环素是兽药中应用最广泛的抗生素之一,残留的四环素会对环境和人类造成潜在危害.目前主要采用物理和化学工艺去除四环素.物理工艺包括吸附和膜分离技术,不会破坏四环素的结构.化学过程是通过活性氧破坏四环素的结构,如芬顿反应和光催化技术.然而,上述过程均存在一些不足.最近,基于过氧一硫酸盐(PMS)的高级氧化技术在水处理方面表现优异,引起了人们的广泛关注.PMS具有稳定、环保、易于运输和无毒等优点,与羟基自由基相比,PMS活化产生的硫酸根自由基具有更高的氧化还原电位和更长的半衰期.PMS可以通过多种方式活化,如过渡金属活化、碳材料活化、紫外线照射、热、超声波和微波活化过程.其中,过渡金属的活化因活化能力较强而备受关注.钒基催化剂被认为最有希望替代钴基催化剂,用于活化PMS以降解有机污染物的材料.然而,即使钒的含量远低于钴,传统的钒物种也很容易泄漏出影响环境的金属离子.本文采用氟化后的钒铝碳(F-V2AlC)活化PMS,表现出较好的罗丹明和抗生素降解能力.F-V₂AlC/PMS系统在15 min内对罗丹明和抗生素的去除率分别达到97.7%和78.0%.并且,F-V_...     

北京市平谷区桃林土壤重金属元素含量反演估测

矿产资源开采中产生的废渣废液长期堆存后产生的渗滤液向土壤中扩散易造成周围土壤的重金属污染,影响作物生长;人类通过食物链食用含重金属元素的果实后,会引起神经系统的神经衰弱、手足麻木,消化系统的消化不良,血液中毒和肾损伤等症状;这种对生态环境和人身安全的污染和损害是十分严重的。因此如何快速有效摸清矿区周围农作物土壤污染情况尤为重要。多光谱遥感由于具备光谱分辨率高、实时无损、大面积监测等优势,在突破植被屏障监测土壤重金属上具有巨大的潜力。以平谷区主要的农作物桃树为研究对象,利用桃叶的高光谱数据、土壤采样数据,分析桃叶光谱曲线的响应特性,对桃叶反射光谱进行一阶/二阶微分、标准正态、连续去统等四种变换,结合相关分析及多元线性回归模型确定光谱特征变量,构建植被指数HMSVI;结果表明HMSVI与土壤中Cd, AS和Pb含量的相关性较常用植被指数高。运用线型回归方法进行元素含量与植被指数HMSVI建模后,选取拟合较好的模型,实现了叶片高光谱与土壤重金属含量的统计建模,最后利用Sentinel-2遥感影像反演三种重金属含量空间分布,并对结果进行精度验证。结果表明：受重金属胁迫叶片的平均光谱反射率高于正...