三维管道内有旋流动的涡势函数拟变分原理

通过对一种能解决跨声速有旋流场的数学模型——赝势函数-涡势函数数学模型中的涡势函数进行详细的变分分析,并进一步对涡势函数原方程的数学改造,推导出新型数学模型中涡势函数的几种不同的变分原理,并提出对涡势函数边界条件的处理方法．     

基于气动载荷与叶片厚度分布的叶栅气动设计方法

建立一种以载荷与叶片厚度分布为约束的叶栅气动设计计算方法,约束条件体现了气动特性与强度两方面的要求,这些约束及其它所有边界条件,都包含在相应的变分原理的驻值条件中。变分原理以周角函数为泛函的未知函数,周角函数定义在由流线坐标与流函数坐标(周向)构成的映象面上。在映象面上,求解域——叶栅通道——化作一个矩形,叶片型线映射为一条水平直线,从而避免了叶片外形未知的困难。利用有限元方法建立了计算程序,算例显示这种方法能有效地满足对叶片型线的设计要求,而且迭代计算具有良好的收敛性。     

Constraint-induced restriction and extension operators with applications

The Stokes operator is a differential-integral operator induced by the Stokes equations. In this paper, we analyze the Stokes operator from the point of view of the Helmholtz minimum dissipation principle. We show that, through the Hodge orthogonal decomposition, a pair of bounded linear operators, a restriction operator and an extension operator, are induced from the divergence-free constraint. As a consequence, we use it to calculate the eigenvalues of the Stokes operator.     

求解定常势流正命题的全时-空变分有限元法

非定常流动变分原理的建立使得用有限元法来求解多工况点的设计问题成为可能。本文在刘高联的非定常变分理论的基础上，对定常变分问题进行时间相关有限元求解。但由于可压缩非定常位势流动的控制方程是双曲型的，简单地把时间当作同空间一样的物理维来求解是不可行的。而现有的时-空有限元法极其复杂，增加了计算复杂度，使其很难用于工程设计中。为此，文[2、3]提出了求解一维非定常问题的新型时-空有限元法。本文把该方法推广到二维流动，用它求解二维弯管内的流动和翼型绕流问题。计算结果与用定常方法求得的结果几乎重合，说明该方法可以用于多维时间相关求解。     

Hadronic Decays of the Spin-Singlet Heavy Quarkomium under the Principle of Maximum Conformality

The principle of maximum conformality （PMC） provides a way to eliminate the conventional renormalization scale ambiguity in a systematic way. By applying the PMC scale setting, all non-conformal terms in a perturbative series are summed into the running coupling, and one obtains a unique, scale-fixed prediction at any finite order. In this study, we make a detailed PMC analysis for the spin-singlet heavy quarkoniums decay （into light hadrons） at the next-to-leading order. After applying the PMC scale setting, the decay widths for all those cases are ahnost independent of the initial renormalization scales. The PMC scales for ηc and he decays are below 1 GeV; to achieve a confidential pQCD estimation, we adopt several low-energy running coupling models to carry out the estimation. By taking the MPT model, we obtain Г（ηc → LH） = 25.09 -4.28^＋5.52 MeV, F（ηb →LH） 14.34-0.84^＋0.92 feV, Г（hc →LH） = 0.54-0.04^＋0.06 MeV and Г（hb →LH） = 39.89-0.46^＋0.28 keV, where the errors are calculated by taking mc E[1.4OGeV, 1.60GeV] and mb C[4.50GeV, 4.70GeV]. These decay widths agree with the principle of minimum sensitivity estimations, in which the decay widths of ηc,b are also consistent with the measured ones.     

Reduced aliasing artifacts using shaking projection k-space sampling trajectory

Radial imaging techniques, such as projection-reconstruction （PR）, are used in magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） for dynamic imaging, angiography, and short-T2 imaging. They are less sensitive to flow and motion artifacts, and support fast imaging with short echo times. However, aliasing and streaking artifacts are two main sources which degrade radial imaging quality. For a given fixed number of k-space projections, data distributions along radial and angular directions will influence the level of aliasing and streaking artifacts. Conventional radial k-space sampling trajectory introduces an aliasing artifact at the first principal ring of point spread function （PSF）. In this paper, a shaking projection （SP） k-space sampling trajectory was proposed to reduce aliasing artifacts in MR images. SP sampling trajectory shifts the projection alternately along the k-space center, which separates k-space data in the azimuthal direction. Simulations based on conventional and SP sampling trajectories were compared with the same number projections. A significant reduction of aliasing artifacts was observed using the SP sampling trajectory. These two trajectories were also compared with different sampling frequencies. ASP trajectory has the same aliasing character when using half sampling frequency （or half data） for reconstruction. SNR comparisons with different white noise levels show that these two trajectories have the same SNR character. In conclusion, the SP trajectory can reduce the aliasing artifact without decreasing SNR and also provide a way for undersampling recon- struction. Furthermore, this method can be applied to three-dimensional （3D） hybrid or spherical radial k-space sampling for a more efficient reduction of aliasing artifacts.     

结构力学教材中δ_(ij(i≠j))=0的主振型问题

本文对振动方程副系数δｉｊ（ｉ≠ｊ）不等于零的振动体系从线性代数矩阵秩的判断,并结合实例分析,给出解并绘振型图     

我国医学物理工作者的任务

医学中的物理学问题涉及把物理学的概念、理论和方法应用于人类疾病的预防、诊断、治疗和康复的全过程.因此,由物理学和医学结合而形成的医学物理学科必须按照一个一级学科规范要求做出定义,使得这个专业的学生能够在与其他学科大体相当的时间内完成学业,成为这方面的专门人才.世界上50多年来形成并快速发展的医学物理学科已经定义了自己的学科范围和内容,人们可以从中获得启发.现在世界医学物理学的主流仍然是医学影像物理学和肿瘤放疗物理学,但是物理学的各个分支学科都已经和正在形成与医学结合的新的发展方向. 很多新技术,例如超声技术、激光技术、纳米材料技术、电磁波技术、磁共振技术、同位素技术、光源和射线探测技术等等,也都是医学物理学科中广泛使用的关键技术.文章从医学的需求角度,把医学中的物理问题归纳为诊断、治疗、医疗装置和医学软件四个方面,并由此分析了医学物理工作的任务.     

特殊化方法在解高考题中的三种功能

“特殊化”是中学数学里很重要的一种思想方法,稍加留心就可看到高考试题里有许多能够用“特殊化”方法解决的问题.特殊中蕴藏着一般,这是一个辩证的思想,所以在解决高考数学问题时,我们也可经常回归特殊,在特殊中寻找一般思路.特殊化方法在解决高考试题中有三种功能:提示解题方向、寻找解题途径、直接解答问题.下面举例加以说明.1.提示解题方向有些题目的结论不明确,将问题的条件特殊化,可以找到结论,从而发现解题前进的方向.例1设无穷等差数列{an}中的前几项和为Sn.(Ⅰ)若首项a1=32,公差d=1,求满足Sk2=(Sk)2的正整数k.(Ⅱ)求所有的无穷…     

固绿FCF分光光度法测替米沙坦的含量

在pH6.2的Britton-Robinson缓冲介质中,替米沙坦(TMST)与生物染色剂固绿FCF(FGF)反应,形成离子缔合物,溶液颜色发生明显改变,最大正、负吸收波长分别位于598、632 nm,从而建立光度法测定替米沙坦.在598、632 nm处,替米沙坦分别在0～1.35×10-5mol/,L、0～1.05×...