斜入射脉冲X射线产生电流实验

针对斜入射脉冲X射线与金属的几种可能相互作用机制,设计了实验布局,测量了斜入射X射线在金属靶上产生的脉冲电流,建立了相应的理论模型。结果显示,当X射线入射强度低于105 W/cm2时,以光电效应为主,高于此值时,以热电效应为主导。这表明,X射线加载强度较弱时,电子表现出个体行为,而增大X射线入射强度,电子表现出弱关联集体行为。由此可以预测,超强X射线辐照下,金属表面将出现宏观尺度的电荷密度调制,在退激发过程中,这种调制状态可能以较高的效率辐射定向的微波电磁脉冲。     

Radiation characteristics and implosion dynamics of tungsten wire array Z-pinches on the YANG accelerator

We investigated the radiation characteristics and implosion dynamics of low-wire-number cylindrical tungsten wire array Z-pinches on the YANG accelerator with a peak current 0.8-1.1 MA and a rising time ～ 90 ns.The arrays are made up of(8-32)×5 μm wires 6/10 mm in diameter and 15 mm in height.The highest X-ray power obtained in the experiments was about 0.37 TW with the total radiation energy ～ 13 kJ and the energy conversion efficiency ～ 9%(24×5 μm wires,6 mm in diameter).Most of the X-ray emissions from tungsten Z-pinch plasmas were distributed in the spectral band of 100-600 eV,peaked at 250 and 375 eV.The dominant wavelengths of the wire ablation and the magneto-Rayleigh-Taylor instability were found and analyzed through measuring the time-gated self-emission and laser interferometric images.Through analyzing the implosion trajectories obtained by an optical streak camera,the run-in velocities of the Z-pinch plasmas at the end of the implosion phase were determined to be about(1.3-2.1)×10 7 cm/s.     

环境样品分析

本文是“分析试验室”定期评述“环境样品分析”的第8篇综述。它全面评述了2004年1月至2005年12月间我国环境样品分析各个方面的进展，主要内容包括：概述，大气、水体、土壤和沉积物、生物样品分析，质量控制和质量保证等。引用参考文献967篇。     

溶剂热还原法制备蛋壳状碳材料

Eggshell-like carbon materials with high yields have been synthesized by a solvothermal route in a stainless steel autoclave using metallic zinc and absolute ethanol as starting materials. The products were characterized by X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD)， energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX)， Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The eggshell-like carbon spheres had diameters ranging from 500 nm to 1 μm. The optimal reaction conditions to obtain eggshell-like carbon materials were 600 ℃ and 12 h.     

漩涡辅助-分散液液微萃取-高效液相色谱法测定沉积物中的多环芳烃

建立了漩涡辅助萃取(VAE)分散液液微萃取(DLLME)高效液相色普法(HPLC)测定水系沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)的方法。对萃取剂和分散剂的种类及体积、萃取时间、盐效应及pH值等参数进行了优化。在优化条件下,方法检出限为2.3～6.8 ng/g,线性范围为10～2100 ng/g,相关系数0.9986～0.9994,低、中、高3个浓度水平的平均加标回收率分别为85.2%±4.7%,85.0%±5.0%和85.0%±5.1%,平均相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为5.7%,6.1%和5.7%。采用本方法对实际沉积物样品中PAHs进行分析,所有沉积物样品中均检出PAHs,3组不同采样深度沉积物样品中PAHs平均含量分别为73.3,49 8和28.3 ng/g,平均加标回收率分别为84.8%±4.8%,83.1%±4.7%和84.6%±4.6%。     

NMR频率综合器的微机控制

为实现ＰＴＳ系列频率综合器的微机控制，设计了一种简单的控制电路。在微机的控制下，通过该电路与微机的并行通讯口，用Ｃ语言编写的控制程序可以很方便的控制频率综合器的输出频率。控制程序采用菜单操作，电路所需的＋５Ｖ电源由微机提供，整个控制系统简单实用，值得推广。     

具有垂直磁各向异性的TbCo／Cr非晶磁化膜

采用不加偏压的磁控溅射方法,制备了具有垂直磁晶各向异性的TbCo/Cr非晶垂直磁化膜,并且就Cr底层对TbCo膜磁性能的影响进行了研究。研究发现TbCo磁性层的厚度以及Cr底层的存在都会影响TbCo薄膜磁晶各向异性能的大小。对于厚度为120 nm,并且带有180 nm厚度Cr底层的Tb31C69薄膜而言,其磁晶各向异性能高达4.57×106 erg·cm-3,而对于同样厚度的Tb31C69薄膜,当它没有带Cr底层时,其磁晶各向异性能只有3.24×106 erg·cm-3。扫描电镜的观测结果表明,带有Cr底层的TbCo薄膜具有柱状结构。正是TbCo薄膜内的柱状结构导致了其磁晶各向异性的增强。     

Towards Fabrication of Atomic Dopant Wires via Monolayer Doping Patterned by Resist-Free Lithography

Fabrication of atomic dopant wires at large scale is challenging.We explored the feasibility to fabricate atomic dopant wires by nano-patterning self-assembled dopant carrying molecular monolayers via a resist-free lithographic approach.The resist-free lithography is to use electron beam exposure to decompose hydrocarbon contaminants in vacuum chamber into amorphous carbon that serves as an etching mask for nanopatterning the phosphorus-bearing monolayers.Dopant wires were fabricated in silicon by patterning diethyl vinylphosphonate monolayers into lines with a width ranging from 1 μm down to 8 nm.The dopants were subsequently driven into silicon to form dopant wires by rapid thermal annealing.Electrical measurements show a linear correlation between wire width and conductance,indicating the success of the monolayer patterning process at nanoscale.The dopant wires can be potentially scaled down to atomic scale if the dopant thermal diffusion can be mitigated.     

固体强酸催化剂S_2O_8~(2-)/ZrO_2-Al_2O_3-M_2O_3(M=Cr,Ce,La)的制备

固体强酸具有酸强度高 ,不腐蚀设备 ,不污染环境 ,与产物分离方便等特点 ,是一种对环境友好的催化剂。业已发现固体强酸对许多重要的有机反应如烃类异构化、傅克酰基化、傅克烷基化、酯化、缩合、聚合、氧化等具有良好的催化活性 ,可替代传统的浓 H2 SO4 及 Al Cl3、HF等高污染催化剂。在前文 [1]基础上 ,本文通过添加 Cr2 O3、Ce2 O3和 La2 O3对催化剂 S2 O2 - 8/Zr O2 - Al2 O3改进后制备出 S2 O2 - 8/Zr O2 -Al2 O3- M2 O3( M=Cr,Ce,La)系列固体强酸催化剂 ,用对乙酸和正丁醇的酯化转化率评价了催化活性 ,用 XRD、BET、流…