19F+208Pb近垒及垒下准弹反应

用电离室△E-E望远镜测量了¹⁹F+²⁰⁸Pb体系在88、91.93、96.98、102MeV6个能量点的准弹反应角分布,用ECIS程序拟合弹性散射角分布,得到该体系的光学势参数,观察到明显的“阈异常”现象,对转移反应角分布作了分析,得到了产物为C、N、O的转移反应的激发函数,此外,导出了3个主要转移反应道²⁰⁸Pb(¹⁹F、¹⁸O、¹⁵N、¹⁴C)的转移几率和最趋近距离的关系,得到斜率因子κ. 在单核子转移的情况下,κ值与半经典计算基本符合;而对于两核子以上转移的情况,k值小于理论值,存在着“斜率反常”的现象. 同时发现k值明显与能量相关,这无法用半经典理论解释.     

Levi族的Lax组非线性化

文[1]研究Levi族的Lax表示.今进一步讨论其Lax组的非线性化.设λ_1…,λ_N是Levi特征值问题的N个不同的特征值,那么φ_j(?)(φ_(1j),φ_(2j))~T是相应于特征值λ_j的特征函数,j=1,…,N.(?)=(?)/(?)x,q、r为势函数,x在所论区间Ω内变化. 浓缩(1)为向量形式:     

钕玻璃发光量子效率的光声测量

建立了一种新的测量钕玻璃中激活离子发光量子效率的光声方法,其原理为通过测量的钕玻璃中Nd~(3+)的两个吸收峰的吸收幅值及光声信号的幅值计算出发光量子效率.所得结果与以前用其它方法估算和测得的结果相符.     

海底控制点水声定位测距误差的近似数学表达式

针对水声定位声线跟踪法计算换能器到应答器斜距值测距误差规律难以把握的问题,研究了测距误差的近似数学表达式。首先分析了控制点定位声速不确定性引起的测距误差机理;其次基于声速剖面和传播时间的线性理论（ST定理）推导了测距误差的近似数学表达式,并分析了使用harmonic平均声速代替有效声速对测距误差数学表达式结果的影响。仿真试验结果表明,该数学表达式对测距误差估值的绝对误差随斜距值（或初始入射角）的增大而增大,在水深为3000 m,初始入射角在80°以内时,估值的绝对误差在1 cm以内,当初始入射角达到86°左右时,估值的绝对误差约7 cm,为水下静态目标定位以及水下载体动态导航定位中的声速误差修正问题提供了新的解决思路。     

PMBP与氯代苯胺的缩合反应和抑菌活性

报道了1-苯基-3-甲基-4-苯甲酰基-吡唑啉-5-酮(PMBP)与邻、间、对氯苯胺和2,4-二氯苯胺发生缩合反应生成的席夫碱配体及其配合物的合成和结构表征.利用量子化学计算方法讨论了该缩合反应的机理.抑菌活性测定结果表明化合物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌均有一定的抑菌活性,其中以钴配合物的抑菌活性最好.     

公民对化学认识的调查与思考

公民对化学认识的调查结果显示:有近半数的公民能够正确认识生活与食品中的化学知识,不少公民缺少对化学化工与化学发展前景的认识,也缺少化学在体育中应用的了解.学校和政府有责任提升公民的化学素养,使公民能正确认识化学化工及其与社会、生活、生产的关系,认识化学对人类发展的重要性.     

猝冷速度对骨架Ni催化剂结构和催化性能的影响

在5种不同猝冷速度下制备Ni-Al合金,然后以碱处理并活化得到多孔猝冷骨架Ni催化剂.通过电感耦合等离子发射光谱(ICP)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、H₂-程序升温脱附(H₂-TPD)和氮物理吸附等方法对催化剂的物理化学性质进行了表征.结果发现,随着冷却速度的增加,活化后的催化剂具有更多的残余Ni₂Al₃相、更低的比表面积、更大的孔容和孔径、更小的Ni晶粒、更大的Ni-Ni间距和更加单一的活性位.另外,还发现在肉桂醛选择加氢反应中,冷却速度的提高也促进了催化剂的活性和对目标产物3-苯丙醛选择性的提高.以RQNi₅为催化剂,加氢产物3-苯丙醛的收率达到88.8%,转化率为98.4%,明显优于工业上广泛使用的RaneyNi催化剂.同时,对猝冷骨架Ni催化剂的结构与催化性能之间的关系进行了讨论.     

Calculation of Interaction Potentials between Spherical and Deformed Nuclei

The interaction potential for spherical-deformed reaction partners is calculated. The shape, separation and orientation dependence of the interaction potential and fusion cross section of the system ^32S＋^154Sm are investigated within the double-folding model of the deformed nuclei. The effective nucleon-nucleon interaction is taken to be the M3Y-Reid potential. The density is considered for three terms of the expansion using the truncated multipole expansion method, which is a deformed Fermi shape With quadrupole and hexadecapole for the density distribution of ^154Sm. It is found for the interaction potential that the height and the position of barrier strongly depend on the deformations, the orientation angle of the deformed nucleus, and hence produce great effects on fusion cross section. The integrated fusion cross section is in good agreement with the experimental data.     

Study of heat transfer characteristics in PCFG fabrication technology using heat method

The fiber gratings fabrication technology with the heating method in a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) based on structural change is examined. The principle of photonic crystal fiber gratings (PCFGs) is analyzed in theory. The heat transfer theory and finite element method are used to examine the thermal field distribution in the fiber and the influence of the air hole structure in the cladding, and the parameters of the laser beam in the process of grating fabrication are discussed. The results show that gratings can be formed by the periodic collapse of air holes in the cladding of PCFs. Under double-point heating condition, the energy is uniformly distributed in the radial direction and is approximate to Gaussian distribution in the axial direction. With the same size of the luminous spot, as the layers and radius of the air holes increase, the laser power needed to make the air holes collapse decreases. With the same laser power, as the luminous spot radius increases, the needed heating time increases. Moreover, the relationship between the laser power needed and the air filling rate is obtained as the number of layers of the air holes changes from 1 to 7. This kind of PCFG can overcome the long-term thermal instability of conventional gratings in substance and thus has great potential applications in the related field of optical fiber sensors.     

一元强碱滴定混合一元弱酸的林邦滴定曲线方程及pHsp的计算

用物料平衡式MBE、质子条件式PBE、副反应系数和条件稳定常数等知识,推导出一元强碱滴定混合一元弱酸溶液的林邦滴定曲线方程并用其推导出第一、第二化学计量点pHsp1和pHsp2的计算公式.