STUDIES ON THE REACTION MECHANISM OF ORGANIC HYDROPEROXIDE AND AMINE SYSTEM INITIATED POLYMERIZATION

The initiation mechanism of organic hydroperoxide and amine system has been investigatedsystematically in this paper. It has been confirmed from the IR spectra that organic hydro-peroxide could form hydrogen-bonded complex with amine. The reactive intermediate of theamine and its effect on initiating polymerization have been determined by using ESR techni-que, and further proved by the results of polymer end group analysis and graft copolymeri-zation of vinly monomer onto the amino-containig polymer. Finally, water, as one of the finalproducts of ROOH-amine reaction has been detected through chromatographic analysis, fromwhich the conversion reaction of the reactive intermediate is verified.     

过硫酸盐和脂肪胺引发体系的研究

本文研究了用过硫酸盐和各种水溶性脂肪胺组成的体系引发丙烯酰胺水溶液聚合的规律。发现伯胺、仲胺和叔胺都能有效地促进聚合。胺的促进活性随结构不同而异。发现了一种简便可靠的检测脂肪胺端基的新方法:CTC吸收光谱法。测定了聚合动力学并提出了引发反应机理。     

Wohl-Ziegler反应的研究 芳香醚的侧链溴化与苯环溴化

本文报告对-甲苯甲醚在不同情况下与 N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(NBS)的作用。作者认为溶剂是使溴化反应具选择性的一种重要因素。用四氯化碳则可以得到收率为65%的侧链溴化产物,如用冰醋酸则得到收率为68%的苯环溴化产物。我们在研究苯甲醚与 NBS 作用时,观察到有溴放出,而后又有溴化氢气体出现,由于这些现象,使我们进一步研究 NBS与数种溶剂,例如四氯化碳,氯仿,苯及苯腈的作用。同样发现都在不同的时间内能放出溴,并且过氧化苯甲酰对于在每一种上述溶剂中进行的反应都具催化作用,加速放出溴。我们认为芳香醚与 NBS 所进行的苯环溴化的反应机构基本上是与溴的苯环溴化的反应机构相同。据此我们可以解释,(1)何以三氯化铝与过氧化苯甲酰都能够作为苯环溴化的催化剂,(2)何以间-甲苯甲醚与间-二甲氧基苯即使在四氯化碳中也容易苯环溴化,以及(3)何以间-甲苯甲醚不易进行侧链溴化,此外也研究对-甲氧基苯乙酮的侧链溴化与苯环溴化。我们研究对甲氧基乙苯与2,4-二甲氧基乙苯的溴化反应,发现前者很容易进行侧链溴化,这是符合于游离基丙烯型溴化反应机构的,而后者即使在四氯化碳中首先是苯环溴化,如果再加一克分子 NBS,则第二个溴原子能进入侧链。这结果说明在很活化的苯环上即使有侧链,首先、还是苯环溴化。我们也测定了溴进入苯环的位置,这些事实都符合于我们所设想的,芳香醚的 Wohl-Ziegler 苯环溴化基本上是溴进行苯环溴化的吸电子反应机构。2,4-二甲氧基-5-溴苯甲酸可以从2,4-二甲氧基苯乙酮经侧链氧化再进行苯环溴化合成,方法简便,收率良好。     

溶胶-凝胶法合成聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/二氧化钛-二氧化硅杂化聚合物材料

通过溶胶 凝胶过程合成了有机聚合物链段与无机相间有共价键存在的Ｐ（ＭＭＡ ＭＳＭＡ）／ＴｉＯ２ ＳｉＯ２杂化聚合物材料．溶剂抽提结果表明杂化材料体系中凝胶的含量很高．通过ＦＴＩＲ测试对材料进行了结构分析，并且由ＴＧＡ、ＤＳＣ测试分别分析了杂化材料体系中无机组份总量以及Ｔｉ（ＯＣ４Ｈ９）４的含量对材料性能的影响．     

有机过氧化物与N,N-二(2-羟烷基)对甲苯胺体系引发烯类聚合及其机理的研究

 研究了有机过氧化物BPO,LPO分别与N,N-二(2-羟烷基)对甲苯胺DHET,DHPT组成的体系引发MMA的聚合。测定其聚合速度R_p,聚合表观活化能,聚合速度方程,聚合放热过程的温度与时间的关系。用自旋捕捉和ESR波谱技术,测定了上述体系反应产生的自由基中间体,同时通过聚合物端基分析证实DHET,DHPT组份产生的自由基能引发单体聚合。依据实验结果提出了这类体系的引发机理。     

新型引发转移终止剂引发烯类单体活性自由基聚合及共聚合

引发转移终止剂 (Iniferter)是最早实现活性自由基聚合的方法 ,尽管它对聚合过程控制得不是很好 ,但是可聚合单体多 ,能方便地制备接枝和嵌段共聚物 .因此 ,近 2 0年来 ,它一直是高分子合成化学领域的一个研究热点 ,许多新颖结构的引发转移终止剂被合成并用于制备端基功能化聚合物、遥爪聚合物、大分子单体以及接枝和嵌段聚合物等 .本文扼要综述了引发转移终止剂的发展 ,着重综述了我们研究组在C—C键型高活性热引发转移终止剂、新的光引发转移终止剂、可聚合光引发转移终止剂、新型多功能引发转移终止剂和大分子光引发转移终止剂 5个方面的研究进展     

PHOTOSENSITIVITY OF CERIC ION INITIATED ACRYLAMIDE POLYMERIZATION

Polymerization of acrylamide initiated by ceric ammonium nitrate alone has been studied in aqueous medium. The effects of UV light irradiation on the initial rates of polymerization, the activation energy and on the polymer molecular weights have been investigated. Compared with that in the dark, the rate of polymerization under UV light was accelerated to eleven times higher, and the overall activation energy was lowered markedly.     

STUDIES ON THE OXIDATION AND GRAFT COPOLYMERIZATION OF POLYETHERS

Polyethers could form hydroperoxide under air-oxidation or photo-oxidation in the presence of H_2O_2. The scission of ether linkage induced by moderate oxidation was prevented by controlling the reaction time and hydroperoxide concentration. The oxidation rate was affected by the end groups of polyethers. The decreasing order of oxidation rate for various poly(tetramethylene ether) glycol derivatives having different end groups are as follows: poly(tetramethylene ether) glycol (PTMG)>poly(tetramethylene ether)acetate (PTMGAC) >poly(tetramethylene ether) phenyl carbamate (PTMGPC). The urethane end groups in PTMGPC increase the resistance toward oxidation. Polyether hydroperoxide reacts with ferrous ion or N,N-dimethyl toluidine (DMT) to form polymericoxy radical which then initiates the graft copolymerization of vinyl monomers at low temperature, and was devoid of homopolymerization. The copolymer after separation and purification was proved to be a graft one by IR analysis and elemental analysis.     

β—二酮或β—三酮对铈（Ⅳ）盐引发烯类单体聚合的影响

研究了β－二酮或β－三酮（如：３－苄基乙酰丙酮，苯甲酰基丙酮，二苯甲酰基甲烷及３－苯甲酰基乙酰丙酮）对铈（Ⅳ）盐引发丙烯酰胺聚合的促进作用，测定了聚合反应速度及表观活化能，表明铈（Ⅳ）盐／β－二酮或β－三酮可组成活性很高的氧化还原体系，采用版自旋捕捉技术及ＥＳＲ谱研究了体系的初系级自由基结构，通过ＦＴＩＲ光谱端基分析检测这类体系引发丙烯腈所得聚合物端基有β－二酮结构，以此为基础，提出了这类体系引发     

GRAFT POLYMERIZATION OF ACRYLAMIDE ONTO HOMOPOLYMER OF 5-METHYL-5-HEXEN-2, 4-DIONE INITIATED BY CERIC ION

The homopolymerization of 5-methyl-5-hexen-2, 4-dione (methacryloylacetone, MAA),a vinyl monomer having β-diketone group, was carried out in the presence of benzophe-none (BP)/N N-dimenthyl-4-toluidine (DMT) system. Graft polymerization of acrylamideinitiated by ceric ion onto the homopolymer film was investigated and the mechanism ofthe grafting reaction was proposed on the basis of ESR study. The grafted copolymer wascharacterized by means of grafting percentage, water absorption, XPS spectra and scanningelectron photomicrographs.