Degradation of 4-chlorophenol in aqueous solution by γ-radiation and ozone oxidation

The application of radiation technology in the en-vironmental protection was listed as one of the mostimportant research fields by the International AtomicEnergy Agency (IAEA) for the peaceful use of nuclearenergy. It has great research value and potential appli-cation. Because of their broad-spectrum antimicrobialproperties, Cholophenols (CPs) have been used aspreservative agents for wood, paints, vegetable fibersand leather and as disinfectants. In addition, they havebeen widely employed…     

Non-Achievability of Metal-Insulator Transition in Two-Dimensional Systems

We present a simple demonstration of the nonfeasibility of metal-insulator transition in an exactly two-dimensional （2D） system. The Hartree-Fock potential in the 3D system is suitably modified and presented for the 2D case. The many body effects are included in the screening function, and binding energies of a donor are obtained as a function of impurity concentration so as to find out the possible way leading metal-insulator transition in the 2D system. While solving for the binding energy for a shallow donor in an isolated well of a GaAs/Ga1-x Als As superlattice system within the effective mass approximation, it leads to unphysical results for higher concentrations. It shows that the phase transition, the bound electron entering into the conduction band whereby （H）min=0, is not possible beyond this concentration. The results suggest thai a phase transition is impossible in 213 systems, supporting the scaling theory of localization. The results are compared with the existing data available and discussed in the light of existing literature.     

Theoretical analysis on waveform structures of pulse propagating in shallow water with an ideal thermocline

I.IntroductionDuetospatia1andtemporalvariabilityoftheocean-acousticenvironment,especially,theeffectsofboundaryaswel1asmediumonpropagationofacousticwavesinshal1owwater,theacousticpropagationisextrcmelycomp1icatcd.Multipathtransmissionisthebasiccharacteris-hcsofunderwatersoundchannels.Undctcrminedmultipathstructurescangreatlylimittheperformanceofunderwateracousticdetcction.However,ifthemultipathcharacteristicsofacousticpropagationinunderwatcrsoundchanne1sareknown,spaee-timeresolutionandpro-cess…     

加速发展合成材料的生产与苏联科学院的任务

1958年五月的苏共中央全会研究了关于加速发展化学工业特别是发展合成材料及其成品的生产以满足人民生活和国民经济需要的问题,并通过了具有重大意义的决议。在七年计划期间发展该工业拟投资100亿卢布就足以说明这一点。在研究中涉及到或可能涉及到该合成材料的生产或应用的苏联科学院以及全体科学工作者的队伍都面临着紧张的工作。这就是本报告的出发点。     

鲶鱼(Ictalurus nebulosus)电感受器和机械感受器的生理特性

本文根据机能性质不同,从鲶鱼后侧线神经中已鉴别出两种不同的传入纤维,即电感受器传入纤维和机械感受器传入纤维.电感受器传入纤维对水中的电流特别敏感.它们对滴水所引起的远场机械刺激无反应,但用玻棒轻压感受器确可引起反应.机械感受器传入纤维对远场机械刺激很敏感,但对水中电流的敏感性很差。     

均相催化(中)

1,3-二烯烃的齐聚本章将讨论过渡会属催化反应机理的研究方法,并以1,3-二烯烃的镍和钯的络合物作为催化剂为例,如丁二烯的环化三聚、丁二烯的环化二聚和丁二烯与甲醇的调聚。机理研究至少要依据三个方面的信息: 1.产物分析不仅要根据其组成,而且要考虑产物的立体化学。 2,动力学数据由此可提供催化循环中反应速度控制步骤的信息。但是,在均相催化中,反应物(如烯烃)往往与金属有轻度的络合。 3.模型络合物的研究模型络合物应该要和有关的催化反应具有同样的     

Iodine catalyzed efficient synthesis of symmetrical diaryl sulfoxides from arenes and thionyl chloride under solvent-free conditions

Synthesis of symmetrical diaryl sulfoxides from arenes and thionyl chloride in the presence of a catalytic amount of iodine at room temperature under solvent-free conditions is described.Mild reaction conditions,easy workup,high yield,and easily available catalyst are important features of this method.     

金属原子之间的键——过渡金属化学的新模式

自从第二次世界大战以来,过渡金属化学一直在无机化学中占据了主导地位。奇怪的是,经历了这么多年以后,这些元素仍然是化学研究中的丰富领域。不论在理论上或是实际应用上,过渡金属都是化学研究的前沿。在过渡金属化学的各个方面,最吸引人的是多核金属簇化合物。它们包含二个或更多的金属原子互相成键,以及和非金属元素成键。在这些金属簇中,称为Chevrel面的是迄今发现的,强磁场中最好的超导材料。其它簇可用为重要有机反应的催化剂。有些则是光敏络合物,在把太阳能转化为更有用的能量中,有潜在的作用。当然对很多化学家来说,这些金属簇之令人注意,只是因为它们的存在。它们中有的很稳定,易于制备,但只是在最近才对它们的化学开始有所了解。本报告是由这一领域中两位杰出的化学家撰写的。他们讨论了这些络合物以及可能的应用。     

用聚合物先成物方法合成(Bi_(1.6)Pb_(0.4))Sr_2Ca_2Cu_(3.6)O_x超导材料

用聚合物—金属—络合物先成物(polymer—metal—complex precursor)方法,在小心控制煅烧条件下合成了(Bi_(1.6)Pb_(0.4))Sr_2Ca_2Cu_(3.6)O_x超导材料,产物有一个100K的零电阻转变温度[T_c(R=0)]。产物的X—光衍射峰相对强度表明,它只包含高—Tc相和低—Tc相,而且以高-Tc相为主。通过电阻测量、X—光衍射和元素分析,研究了产物的超导性能、结构和组成。     

简单液体比重计的制法

E.H.费道诺娃叙述了一种适合于学生实验室工作的简单液体比重计的制法。几小时就可做成10—15个。可引导高年级学生来作这项工作。为此目的,需要下列器材:1)直径2厘米,长15厘米的试管;2)筛过的细砂;3)刻度用的白釉料;4)5只量筒;5)电池玻杯;6)蒸馏水;7)天平和砝码;8)食盐和糖;9)汽油焊灯或瓦斯灯(焊接喷灯)。