Aubry-Mather Theory and Hamilton-Jacobi Equations

 We review and extend some results of Jauslin, Kreiss, Moser and Weinan E on the smooth approximation of Mather sets. Received: 20 November 2000 / Accepted: 4 November 2002 Published online: 24 January 2003 Communicated by G. Gallavotti     

Fragmentation functions of mesons in the Field-Feynman model

The fragmentation functions of the pion with distinction between , , and are studied in the Field-Feynman recursive model, by taking into account the flavor structure in the excitation of quark-antiquark pairs by the initial quarks. The obtained analytical results are compatible with the available empirical results. The framework is also extended to predict the fragmentation functions of the kaon with distinction between , , , and . This work gives a significant modification of the original model, and the predictions can be tested by future experiments on the fragmentation functions of the kaon.Received: 30 January 2003, Revised: 12 June 2003, Published online: 15 August 2003Bo-Qiang Ma: Corresponding author     

Critical temperature and condensed fraction of Bose-Einstein condensation in optical lattices

Critical temperature and condensate fraction of Bose-Einstein condensation in the optical lattice are studied. The results show that the critical temperature in optical lattices can be characterized with an equivalent critical temperature in a single lattice, which provide a fast evaluation of critical temperature and condensate fraction of Bose-Einstein condensation confined with pure optical trap. Critical temperature can be estimated with an equivalent critical temperature. It is predicted that critical temperature is proportional to q in q number lattices for superfluid state and should be equal to that in a single lattic for Mott insulate state. Required potential depth or Rabi frequency and maximum atom number in the lattices both for superfluid state and Mott state are presented based on views of thermal mechanical statistics.     

Low Temperature Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence

In this short letter, we describe the effects of low temperature on the Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence (MEF) phenomenon. Fluorophores close to Silver Island Films (SiFs) show on average two- to ten-fold enhancements in their fluorescence signatures at room temperature. However, at 77 K, we have observed that MEF is even more pronounced as compared to an identical glass control sample. We also demonstrate that the further enhancements in MEF occur at low temperature over a range of visible wavelengths for different fluorophores, for both SiFs and 20 nm surface deposited gold colloids.     

Thermal Entanglement of XXZ Heisenberg Chain under Rectangle Magnetic Field

We study thermal entanglement of XXZ Heisenberg chain under rectangle magnetic field. Under this magnetic field B, the region of thermal entanglement in terms of B and temperature T can be extended. Moreover, one can improve threshold temperature, where entanglement vanish, just by increasing the strength of magnetic field. This effect is similar to that of the anisotropic coupling of spin in XY plane but provide us a realizable method to improve threshold temperature.     

On the genericity of spacetime singularities

We consider here the genericity aspects of spacetime singularities that occur in cosmology and in gravitational collapse. The singularity theorems (that predict the occurrence of singularities in general relativity) allow the singularities of gravitational collapse to be either visible to external observers or covered by an event horizon of gravity. It is shown that the visible singularities that develop as final states of spherical collapse are generic. Some consequences of this fact are discussed.      

High-affinity integration of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles with chemically modified silk fibroin

Hydroxyapatite (HA)-based nanocomposites were prepared by a co-precipitation method with silk fibroin (SF) serving as organic matrix. Silk fibroin was chemically modified with an alkali solution or an enzyme attempting to improve the interface between the mineral and the organic matrix. The influences of the alkali and enzyme pretreatments on microstructure and physicochemical properties of HA–SF composite were examined and compared. The results reveal that both the two kinds of pretreatments facilitate the formation of highly ordered three-dimensional porous network throughout the composites, increase the microhardness of the composite, and promote the preferential growth of HA crystallites along c-axis. Among all the as-prepared samples, the composite containing the enzyme pretreated SF shows desirable hierarchical microstructure with higher degree of organization and more uniform pore size distribution. Due to the enzyme pretreatment, HA crystallites undergo obvious changes in morphology from rod-like to␣whisker-like and in crystal growth towards more apparent epitaxy along c-axis. The alkali pretreatment induces the stronger chemical interactions between HA and SF and thus to strengthen the inorganic–organic interfacial adhesion. The newly developed HA–SF composites are expected to be attractive biomedical materials for bone repair and remodeling.     

Dynamics of quark-gluon plasma from field correlators

It is argued that strong dynamics in the quark-gluon plasma and bound states of quarks and gluons is mostly due to nonperturbative effects described by field correlators. The emphasis in the paper is made on two explicit calculations of these effects from first principles—one analytic using gluelump Green’s functions and another using independent lattice data on correlators. The resulting hadron spectra are investigated in the range T _c ≤ T < 2T _c . The spectra of charmonia, bottomonia, light s mesons, glueballs, and quark-gluon states calculated numerically are in general agreement with lattice MEM data. The possible role of these bound states in the thermodynamics of quark—gluon plasma is discussed. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

Power-Law Inflation in Spacetimes Without Symmetry

We consider models of accelerated cosmological expansion described by the Einstein equations coupled to a nonlinear scalar field with a suitable exponential potential. We show that homogeneous and isotropic solutions are stable under small nonlinear perturbations without any symmetry assumptions. Our proof is based on results on the nonlinear stability of de Sitter spacetime and Kaluza-Klein reduction techniques.