Effects of Extraction Methods on Phenolic Content in the Young Bamboo Culm Extracts of Bambusa beecheyana Munro

Nowadays, many studies focus on the potential of bamboo as a source of bioactive compounds and natural antioxidants for nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and food sources. This study is a pioneering effort to determine the total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and free radical scavenging activity, as well as the phenolic identification and quantification of Bambusa beecheyana. The study was conducted by using ethanol, methanol, and water for solvent extraction by applying cold maceration, Soxhlet, and ultrasonic-assisted extraction techniques. The results showed that Soxhlet and ultrasonic-assisted Bambusa beecheyana culm extracts had an increase in the extract’s dry yield (1.13–8.81%) but a constant p-coumaric acid (4) content (0.00035 mg/g) as compared to the extracts from the cold maceration. The ultrasonic-assisted extraction method required only a small amount (250 mL) of solvent to extract the bamboo culms. A significant amount of total phenolics (107.65 ± 0.01 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (43.89 ± 0.05 mg QE/g) were found in the Soxhlet methanol culm extract. The extract also possessed the most potent antioxidant activity with an IC₅₀ value of 40.43 µg/mL as compared to the positive control, ascorbic acid. The UHPLC–ESI–MS/MS analysis was carried out on the Soxhlet methanol extract, ultrasonic-assisted extract at 40 min, and cold methanol extract. The analysis resulted in the putative identification of a total of five phenolics containing cinnamic acid derivatives. The two cinnamic acid derivatives, p-coumaric acid (4) and 4-methoxycinnamic acid (5), were then used as markers to quantify the concentration of both compounds in all the extracts. Both compounds were not found in the water extracts. These results revealed that the extract from Soxhlet methanol of Bambusa beecheyana could be a potential botanical source of natural antioxidants. This study provides an important chemical composition database for further preclinical research on Bambusa beecheyana.     

水稻二化螟拟信息素的合成

通过烷叉三苯基膦烷与脂肪醛或芳香醛的Wittjg反应,立体选择性地制备了(Z)-十六碳烯及其环氧化合物、芳基类似物,顺-5-十六碳烯经溴加成,氨基钠/液氨中退减-还原转变成反-5-十六碳烯,上述化合物对二化螟触角电位具有生物活性。     

Flavone enhances dengue virus type-2 (NGC strain) infectivity and replication in vero cells

This study investigates the effects of 2-phenyl-1-benzopyran-4-one (flavone) on DENV-2 infectivity in Vero cells. Virus adsorption and attachment and intracellular virus replication were investigated using a foci forming unit assay (FFUA) and quantitative RT-PCR, respectively. Addition of flavone (100 μg/mL) significantly increased the number of DENV-2 foci by 35.66% ± 1.52 and 49.66% ± 2.51 when added during and after virus adsorption to the Vero cells, respectively. The average foci size after 4 days of infection increased by 33% ± 2.11 and 89% ± 2.13. The DENV-2 specific RNA copy number in the flavone-treated infected cells increased by 6.41- and 23.1-fold when compared to the mock-treated infected cells. Flavone (100 μg/mL) did not promote or inhibit Vero cell proliferation. The CC?? value of flavone against Vero cells was 446 μg/mL. These results suggest that flavone might enhance dengue virus replication by acting antagonistically towards flavonoids known to inhibit dengue virus replication.     

Calorimeter

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Mechanical properties of sugar palm lignocellulosic fibre reinforced polymer composites: a review

Cellulose - The significant reduction in petroleum resources and the growth of global environmental awareness on the use of conventional plastics are the motivating factors to accept natural fibres...     

THE SYNTHESIS OF PARAPHERCMONES OF THE RICE STEM BORER MOTH,CHILO SUPPRESSALIS WALKER

(Z)-Hexadenes,their epoxides and arylanalogs were prepared s'tereo-specifically by Wittig reaction of alkylidenetriphenylphosphoranes with alkylaldehydes or arylaldehydes respectively.(E)-5-Hexadecene was obtained from the conversion of (Z)-5-hexadecene via addition of bromine,elimination-reduction with NaNH2/NH3 These compounds are active in EAG responses.