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Mauricio Alcolea Palafox Nerea Iza Manuel Gil Jos Luís Núez 《International journal of quantum chemistry》2002,89(1):25-47
A quantum chemical study of several complex monocyclic 4‐benzoyl‐4‐phenyl‐β‐lactam derivatives was carried out using cyclobutane, azetidine, 2‐azetidinone, 1‐methyl‐2‐azetidinone, and 3‐methyl‐2‐azetidinone as model compounds. The optimum geometry was obtained for the different conformations. The planarity of the ring was discussed in terms of the influence of the substituents on the amide resonance. To better analyze the amide resonance and the activity of the β‐lactam ring, a vibrational study was also carried out. To examine the influence of solvent polarity on the carbonyl bands, the Fourier transform–infrared (FT‐IR) spectra of the β‐lactam monocyclic derivatives were recorded in CCl4, C6H6, and CHCl3 solutions. The normal vibrations of the β‐lactam ring in the model compounds were characterized and used in the analysis of the β‐ring of more complex derivatives. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2002 相似文献
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Viñas P Aguinaga N López-García I Hernandez-Córdoba M 《Journal of AOAC International》2002,85(3):736-743
Procedures were developed for determining cadmium, aluminium, and copper in beer and the products used in its manufacture by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Beer samples were injected into the furnace and solid samples were introduced as suspensions after preparation in a medium containing hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate for cadmium atomization. Calibration was performed with aqueous standards, and characteristic masses and detection limits were, respectively, 1 and 0.3 pg for cadmium, 18 and 5.4 pg for aluminium, and 5.6 and 6.8 pg for copper. Different samples of beer, wort, brewer's yeast, malt, raw grain, and hops were analyzed by the proposed procedures. Cadmium was found in low concentrations (0.001-0.08 microg/g and 0-1.3 ng/mL); copper (3-13 microg/g and 25-137 ng/mL) and aluminium (0.6-9 microg/g and 0.1-2 microg/mL) were found at higher levels. The reliability of the procedure was confirmed by comparing the results obtained with others based on microwave oven sample digestion, and by analyzing several certified reference materials. 相似文献
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Jorge Pisonero Nerea Bordel Claudia Gonzalez de Vega Beatriz Fernández Rosario Pereiro Alfredo Sanz-Medel 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2013,405(17):5655-5662
The combination of radiofrequency pulsed glow discharge (RF-PGD) analytical plasmas with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) has promoted the applicability of this ion source to direct analysis of innovative materials. In this sense, this emerging technique enables multi-elemental depth profiling with high depth resolution and sensitivity, and simultaneous production of elemental, structural, and molecular information. The analytical potential and trends of this technique are critically presented, including comparison with other complementary and well-established techniques (e.g. SIMS, GD–OES, etc.). An overview of recent applications of RF-PGD–TOFMS is given, including analysis of nano-structured materials, coated-glasses, photovoltaic materials, and polymer coatings 相似文献
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Antonio Martín Agurtzane Martínez Rosario Pereiro Nerea Bordel Alfredo Sanz-Medel 《Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy》2007
The determination of sputtering rates is, commonly, an important parameter in glow discharge analyses. In particular, in those quantification procedures where the emission yield plays an important role in calibrations, the correct calculation of such value becomes crucial. The volumetric methods to calculate the sputtering rates (they offer a higher accuracy than the gravimetric ones) aim to measure the crater volume created in the sample during the analysis. The standard approximation assumes the crater as a cylinder and so it is mandatory to achieve crater shapes with a flat bottom and walls perpendicular to it. But in practice, craters show many times a convex (or concave) bottom which depends on the measurement conditions. 相似文献
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Claudia González de Vega Cesar Álvarez Llamas Nerea Bordel Rosario Pereiro Alfredo Sanz-Medel 《Analytica chimica acta》2015
The analytical capabilities of a glow discharge (GD) as a secondary source for excitation/ionization of the material provided by laser ablation (LA) have been compared to conventional laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). In LA–GD both sources can be independently adjusted to optimize the sampling process and then its subsequent excitation. This could involve a number of analytical performance advantages, such as reduced matrix dependence, greater precision and sensitivity than those encountered in LIBS. For such purpose, an ablation chamber design including two electrodes to generate the GD discharge has been built and assayed. A comparison between LIBS and LA–GD–OES has been carried out, both, under reduced argon and helium atmospheres. Different sets of samples (conducting reference materials, glass and fluorine pellets) have been used to evaluate the novel coupled technique. The LA–GD coupled system has shown to provide lower detection limits. In addition, best linear correlations between intensities and concentrations and lower matrix effects have also been found using the coupled system. Moreover, special advantages of the LA–GD–OES have also been demonstrated for the analysis of fluorine. 相似文献