Periodic Néel skyrmion transport

In this work, we have used the MuMax3 software to simulate devices consisting of a ferromagnetic thin film placed over a heavy metal thin film. The devices are two interconnected partial-disks where a Néel domain wall is formed in the disks junction. In our simulations we investigate devices with disk radius $r=50$ nm and different distance d between the disks centers (from $d=12$ nm to $d=2R=100$ nm). By applying strong sinusoidal external magnetic fields, we find a mechanism able to create, annihilate and even manipulate a skyrmion in each side of the device. This mechanism is discussed in terms of interactions between skyrmion and domain wall. The Néel domain wall formed in the center of the device interacts with the Néel skyrmion, leading to a process of transporting a skyrmion from one disk to the other periodically. Our results have relevance for potential applications in spintronics such as logical devices.     

Continuous removal of radiolytic products from TBP extraction systems

In the actinide separation process using TBP as extractant, hydrolytic and radiolytic reactions cause a gradual decomposition of the extractant, resulting in the formation of degradation products which can affect process performance adversely. The TBP diluent has to be cleaned from these degradation products before it is reused. This paper deals with a procedure for solvent cleanup, using a fourstage continuous contactor for increasing the scrubbing efficiency.     

Geometrical Description of Contact Line Fluctuations in Heterogeneous Systems with Controlled Wettability

The understanding of contact line fluctuations in heterogeneous systems of controlled wettability is relevant to many industrial processes. Despite its importance, it is poorly understood. Here, we present results on an experimental study of fluid displacement on modified Hele-Shaw cells with surface defects as heterogeneities. The system wettability is controlled by defect surface coverage. Three different surface coverage regimes were studied. For each one, the morphology and deformation energy of the displacement front is determined. The width front is described in terms of two exponents, the roughness exponent (alpha) and the one that describes its growth (beta). In all cases, it is found that the width increases logarithmically in time up to a characteristic value, where a crossover to a saturation behavior is observed. The crossover time is a function of the surface coverage. For low coverage 0.51相似文献   

The role of C-centered radicals on the mechanism of action of artemisinin

Artemisinin is a sesquiterpene lactone with an endoperoxide function that is essential for its antimalarial activity. Endoperoxides are supposed to act on heme leading to the reduction of the peroxide bond and production of radicals, which can be responsible for killing the parasite. The geometries of artemisinin, radical anions and neutral species generated by rearrangement after reduction of the peroxide bond were fully optimized with the AM1 and PM3 semi-empirical methods, in order to characterize the intermediates formed during the process. Among the radicals calculated along the pathway for reductive decomposition of artemisinin, the secondary radical centered on carbon C₄ has the highest stability when compared to other radicals that can be achieved either by hydrogen migration to the original O-centered radical or by homolytic break of C–C bond. This suggests that the C₄-centered radical may be the species responsible for killing the parasite, as has been indicated previously in experimental studies.     

Integrated lot-sizing and one-dimensional cutting stock problem with usable leftovers

This paper addresses the integration of the lot-sizing problem and the one-dimensional cutting stock problem with usable leftovers (LSP-CSPUL). This integration aims to minimize the cost of cutting items from objects available in stock, allowing the bringing forward production of items that have known demands in a future planning horizon. The generation of leftovers, that will be used to cut future items, is also allowed and these leftovers are not considered waste in the current period. Inventory costs for items and leftovers are also considered. A mathematical model for the LSP-CSPUL is proposed to represent this problem and an approach, using the simplex method with column generation, is proposed to solve the linear relaxation of this model. A heuristic procedure, based on a relax-and-fix strategy, was also proposed to find integer solutions. Computational tests were performed and the results show the contributions of the proposed mathematical model, as well as, the quality of the solutions obtained using the proposed method.

     

Mercury determination by CV-AAS in wastewater and sewage sludge from a stabilization pond system

The mercury concentrations in wastewater and sewage sludge of a stabilization pond system have been evaluated. The system is built by three parallel facultative ponds followed by two systems of three maturation ponds in series. The samples of wastewater and sludge were digested using nitric acid and placed into a Parr-type bomb for 4 h at 110° C. Mercury was measured by Cold Vapour Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (CV-AAS) at 253.7 nm with sodium tetrahydroborate as reductant. The methodologies were checked with an USEPA quality control sample, a standard reference material from NIST and with another method of mineralization (cold mineralization) showing good results. Concentrations of mercury in wastewater between 1.47 ± 0.75 gl^–1 have been found at the entrance of the system and 0.74 ± 0.0 gl^–1 at the exit, while in sludge the results were between 0.29 ± 0.12 gkg^–1 in the facultative pond and 0.04 ± 0.02 gkg^–1 in the second maturation pond (exit).     

Production of18F using a natural water target at the CV-28 cyclotron at IPEN-CNEN/SP

The development of an automated water target for the production of¹⁸F is described. The system was fully fested and shown to be reliable and secure. The chemical separation of¹⁸F was carried out using an anionexchange resin and K₂CO₃ as eluent. The¹⁸F production yields were, on average, (4.81±0.42) MBq/Ah and the specific activity was higher than 6.623×10⁵ MBq/mmol. Heat transfer measurements and calculations were made.     

Mechanism for basic hydrolysis of N-nitrosoguanidines in aqueous solution

A kinetic study was carried out on the hydrolysis of two N-nitrosoguanidines, 1-nitroso-1-methyl-3-tolylsulfonylguanidine (TSGNO) and 1-nitroso-1-methyl-3-benzoylguanidine (BCGNO). We observed an absence of buffer catalysis using H(2)PO(4)(-)/HPO(4)(2)(-), H(3)BO(3)/H(2)BO(3)(-), and HCO(3)(-)/CO(3)(2)(-) regulators and a complex dependency of the rate constant on the pH. We discovered the existence of three simultaneous reaction paths: spontaneous decomposition of the neutral form of the N-nitrosoguanidine, decomposition of the monoanion, and decomposition through the form of the dianion. The analysis of the kinetic data has allowed us to obtain the acidity constant for the formation of the monoanion of the N-nitrosoguanidine, with values of p = 11.5. The reaction rate for the process through the monoanion, k(2), decreases as the acidity increases. The application of the principle of nonperfect synchronization shows that the basicity and reactivity do not correlate when there exists a possibility of stabilization of the negative charge by resonance. This behavior is consistent with the mechanism E1cB whereby the stabler the negative charge, the slower the elimination reaction. When dealing with the case of the elimination through the neutral form we observe that the reaction rate increases together with the capacity of stabilization of the positive charge on the nitrogen atom adjacent to the imino group. For the reaction through the dianion we used a maximum value of k(3) = 10(10) s(-)(1) to estimate the value of p for the formation of the dianion of the N-nitrosoguanidine, obtaining values of p < 24.     

Holo- and hemidirected lead(II) in the polymeric [Pb(4)(mu-3,4-TDTA)2(H2O)2]*4H2O complex. N,N,N',N'-tetraacetate ligands derived from o-phenylenediamines as sequestering agents for lead(II)

The coordinating ability of the ligands 3,4-toluenediamine-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetate (3,4-TDTA), o-phenylenediamine-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetate (o-PhDTA), and 4-chloro-1,2-phenylenediamine-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetate (4-Cl-o-PhDTA) (H4L acids) toward lead(II) is studied by potentiometry (25 degrees C, I = 0.5 mol x dm(-3) in NaClO4), UV-vis spectrophotometry, and 207Pb NMR spectrometry. The stability constants of the complex species formed were determined. X-ray diffraction structural analysis of the complex [Pb4(mu-3,4-TDTA)4(H2O)2]*4H2O (1) revealed that 1 has a 2-D structure. The layers are built up by the polymerization of centrosymmetric [Pb4L2(H2O)2] tetranuclear units. The neutral layers have the aromatic rings of the ligands pointing to the periphery, whereas the metallic ions are located in the central part of the layers. In compound 1, two types of six-coordinate lead(II) environments are produced. The Pb(1) is coordinated to two nitrogen atoms and four carboxylate oxygens from the ligand, whereas Pb(2) has an O6 trigonally distorted octahedral surrounding. The lead(II) ion is surrounded by five carboxylate oxygens and a water molecule. The carboxylate oxygens belong to four different ligands that are also joined to four other Pb(1) ions. The selective uptake of lead(II) was analyzed by means of chemical speciation diagrams as well as the so-called conditional or effective formation constants K(Pb)eff. The results indicate that, in competition with other ligands that are strong complexing agents for lead(II), our ligands are better sequestering agents in acidic media.