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1.
We consider the problem of designing a network of optical cross-connects (OXCs) to provide end-to-end lightpath services to large numbers of label switched routers (LSRs). We present a set of heuristic algorithms to address the combined problem of physical topology design (i.e., determine the number of OXCs required and the fiber links among them) and logical topology design (i.e., determine the routing and wavelength assignment for the lightpaths among the LSRs). Unlike previous studies which were limited to small topologies with a handful of nodes and a few tens of lightpaths, we have applied our algorithms to networks with hundreds or thousands of LSRs and with a number of lightpaths that is an order of magnitude larger than the number of LSRs. In order to characterize the performance of our algorithms, we have developed lower bounds which can be computed efficiently. We present numerical results for up to 1000 LSRs and for a wide range of system parameters such as the number of wavelengths per fiber, the number of transceivers per LSR, and the number of ports per OXC. The results indicate that it is possible to build large-scale optical networks with rich connectivity in a cost-effective manner, using relatively few but properly dimensioned OXCs. 相似文献
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Cs-K混合蒸气中Cs(8D)+K(4S)碰撞能量转移 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
在Cs-K混合蒸气中,两步激发Cs原子到8D态,观察了Cs(8D) K(4S)→Cs(5D) K(4P)碰撞能量合并逆过程(REP,reverse energy pooling)。应用双调制技术探测K(4P)原子发射的荧光,基态K原子密度用光学吸收方法测量。得到了REP速率系数,讨论了其它过程对速率系数的影响. 相似文献
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制作压力传感器时,在二氧化硅层上淀积多晶硅膜,既可利用优良的机械特性,又可保证压敏电阻与衬底间具有良好的绝缘性,由此可大大提高器件的温度特性。介绍了一种多晶硅压力传感器的原理和设计。实验结果表明,这类传感器具有灵敏度好,精度高等特点,电路工作范围为0-250℃,且具有良好的温度稳定性。 相似文献
5.
MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output)的显著优点就是在不增加带宽的情况下,能够成倍地提高通信系统容量和频谱利用率,是未来移动通信与个人通信系统实现高速率数据传输,提高高传输质量的重要途径,也是未来移动通信系统广泛采用的关键技术.文中简要介绍了MIMO系统及其一种新的MIMO系统中的应用技术,即PARC(Per-antenna Rate Control)技术. 相似文献
6.
Xin Sun Qiang Lu Moroz V. Takeuchi H. Gebara G. Wetzel J. Shuji Ikeda Changhwan Shin Tsu-Jae King Liu 《Electron Device Letters, IEEE》2008,29(5):491-493
A tri-gate bulk MOSFET design utilizing a low-aspect-ratio channel is proposed to provide an evolutionary pathway for CMOS scaling to the end of the roadmap. 3-D device simulations indicate that this design offers the advantages of a multi-gate FET (reduced variability in performance and improved scalability) together with the advantages of a conventional planar MOSFET (low substrate cost and capability for dynamic threshold-voltage control). 相似文献
7.
Xin‐Gui Li Run‐Feng Chen Mei‐Rong Huang Mei‐Fang Zhu Qun Chen 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2004,42(9):2073-2092
A new series of copolymers was synthesized through the oxidative polymerization of pyrrole (PY) and o‐phenetidine (PHT) with inorganic oxidants in acidic media. The polymerization parameters including the mixing method of the oxidant with the comonomer, the comonomer ratio, the time, the temperature, the oxidant, the organic medium, and the acid were systematically optimized for the synthesis of copolymers with high yields, intrinsic viscosities, and solubility. The resultant copolymers were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared, ultraviolet–visible, solution high‐resolution 1H NMR and solid‐state high‐resolution 13C NMR, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The results showed that the PY observed content in the copolymers was much higher than the PY feed content. The regular variation of the polymerization yield, intrinsic viscosity, solubility, macromolecular structure, and electroactivity of the resulting polymers with the comonomer ratio, together with the complete solubility of a PY/PHT (10/90) polymer in highly polar solvents, indicated the formation of real random copolymers containing both PY and PHT units rather than a mixture of two homopolymers. However, the polymers containing more than 59 mol % PY were not homogeneous copolymers consisting of soluble and insoluble parts. A semiquantitative relationship between the polymerization yield or solubility of the copolymers and the polarity index of the organic solvents was examined. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 2073–2092, 2004 相似文献
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A wideband miniature G-shaped coplanar waveguide fed dual-band antenna for a wireless local area network (WLAN) is proposed. The proposed antenna has good radiation pattern and can provide two separate measured impedance bandwidths of 0.55 GHz (about 22.9% centred at 2.42 GHz) and 2.85 GHz (about 50.9% centred at 5.60 GHz), so that it easily covers the required bandwidths for WLAN operation. This design results in a small antenna size of 22 times 18.5 mm with the ground plane regarded as part of the antenna structure. 相似文献
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