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1.
Conidia of Aspergillus niger were immobilized in calcium alginate gel for the production of citric acid. First, the type of the preactivation medium,
together with the preactivation period, was investigated. It was found that A. niger requires a 2-d preactivation period at a 0.05 g/L NH4NO3 concentration. Second, preactivated cells were used to determine the effects of nitrogen concentration and the flow rate
of oxygen and air on the production of citric acid. Maximum citric acid production was attained with medium containing 0.01
g/L of NH4NO3. The rate of citric acid production in the nitrogenous medium was 33% higher when oxygen was used instead of air during the
production phase. This corresponds to an increase of 85% when compared to production when neither oxygen nor air was fed into
the system. In the nonnitrogenous medium citric acid concentration remained similar regardless of the use of air or oxygen.
However, in the nonnitrogenous production medium, citric acid production was not influenced considerably when oxygen was used
instead of air. The advantage of using immobilized cells is that production is achieved easily in the continuous system. Therefore,
citric acid production was also tested using a packed-bed bioreactor, and an increase in productivity by a factor of 22 was
achieved compared to the batch system. 相似文献
2.
Uğur Güdükbay Serkan Bayraktar Çetin Koca Bülent Özgüç 《Signal, Image and Video Processing》2014,8(3):415-422
We present a particle-based method to simulate and visualize the interaction of knitwear with fluids. The knitwear is modeled using spring-mass systems and the fluid is modeled using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method. Two-way coupling is achieved by considering surface tension, capillary, and interparticle forces between the fluid and knitwear. The simulation of fluid and knitwear particles is performed on the graphics processing unit. Photorealistic rendering of knitwear and fluid is achieved by using a hardware-accelerated rasterization-based rendering technique. Our method is able to simulate and visualize the macro- and microstructure of free-form knitwear and reflective and refractive characteristics of the fluid surface. 相似文献
3.
The public telecommunication network of Turkey is briefly discussed in this paper. The existing telephone, telegraph, data, and other related services are summarized, and future trends in some of these services are indicated. These trends suggest that capital investments on the telecommunication services must be at least doubled in order that the standards in the country compete with those of the world averages. Finally, some of the research in communications is cited. 相似文献
4.
Erhan Bayraktar Arash Fahim 《Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations》2014,30(3):902-929
We present a stochastic numerical method for solving fully nonlinear free boundary problems of parabolic type and provide a rate of convergence under reasonable conditions on the nonlinearity. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 30: 902–929, 2014 相似文献
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6.
Turgay Bayraktar 《Potential Analysis》2018,48(4):459-471
In this note, we obtain asymptotic expected number of real zeros for random polynomials of the form where \({a^{n}_{j}}\) are independent and identically distributed real random variables with bounded (2 + δ)th absolute moment and the deterministic numbers \({c^{n}_{j}}\) are normalizing constants for the monomials z j within a weighted L 2-space induced by a radial weight function satisfying suitable smoothness and growth conditions.
相似文献
$$f_{n}(z)=\sum\limits_{j=0}^{n}{a^{n}_{j}}{c^{n}_{j}}z^{j}$$
7.
Alemdar Bayraktar Abdurrahman ahin D. Mehmet
zcan Faruk Yildirim 《Applied Mathematical Modelling》2010,34(1):92-121
In the present paper, the numerical damage assessment of the masonry bell tower called “Haghia Sophia” in Trabzon, Turkey is performed by nonlinear 3D finite element modeling. The behavior of bell tower is determined under several different conditions: nonlinear static analysis containing dead and wind loads and nonlinear seismic analysis. In addition to, an assessment of the tower’s stability with respect to the tilt of the tower is carried out by means of a nonlinear analysis. In the nonlinear dynamic analysis, the east–west component of 1992 Erzincan earthquake is used. Cracking and crushing of the masonry have been taken into account, as well as the influence of material nonlinearity. The numerical analysis has given a valuable picture of possible damage evolution, providing useful hints for the prosecution of structural monitoring. The displacement and stress fields, as well as the distribution of cracking have been calculated and compared to the actual distribution of fractures in the tower. It is seen from the numerical results that there is a good agreement with present damages of the bell tower. 相似文献
8.
We investigate the continuity of expected exponential utility maximization with respect to perturbation of the Sharpe ratio of markets. By focusing only on continuity, we impose weaker regularity conditions than those found in the literature. Specifically, we require, in addition to the V-compactness hypothesis of Larsen and ?itkovi? (2007) [13], a local bmo hypothesis, a condition which is essentially implicit in the setting of [13]. For markets of the form S=M+∫λd〈M〉, these conditions are simultaneously implied by the existence of a uniform bound on the norm of λ⋅M in a suitable bmo space. 相似文献
9.
Werner P.L. Bayraktar Z. Rybicki B. Werner D.H. Schlager K.J. Linden D. 《Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on》2008,56(3):639-644
A technique to realize stub-loaded monopoles with enhanced gain performance is introduced in this paper. The omnidirectional high gain is achieved by combining an electrically long monopole with stubs attached at optimal locations along the antenna. In general, the lengths of the stub-loaded monopoles presented in this paper are significantly longer than conventional quarter-wave monopoles. Long wires alone do not provide the desired gain and VSWR performance; the stubs connected to the long monopole are vital in realizing simultaneous high gain and low VSWR at the intended operating frequency. A genetic algorithm (GA) is employed to optimize the locations and lengths of each of the stubs required to meet the design objectives. The results of this work show that between 11 and 12 dBi of gain can be obtained when the stub-loaded monopoles are placed over an infinite ground plane, whereas 8 dBi is obtained for one example when sited over a finite ground plane. A prototype of an optimized stub-loaded monopole was fabricated and tested. Excellent agreement was achieved between the measured and simulated results. 相似文献
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