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1.
REACTIVITY OF SINGLET OXYGEN TOWARD LARGE PEPTIDES 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Abstract— The reactions of singlet oxygen, 1 O2 , with amino acids and their derivatives have been studied previously. It was found that only five amino acid residues interact readily with 1 O2 . Here we describe its reactions with the large peptides melittin, neuropeptide Y (NPY) and insulin in their native and in their denatured forms. The singlet oxygen quenching by a polypeptide was compared with that of a solution at the same concentration as those of its constituent amino acids, which are known to react efficiently with 1 O2 . It was found that the quenching rate by such a mixture exceeded that of the polypeptides in their native form. The ratio of the rate constants for NPY to that of the corresponding amino acid mixture in solution was 0.75. For melittin in its monomeric form it was 0.83 and for a tetramer of melittin (at high ionic strength) it was 0.70. For native insulin the ratio of the rate constants was 0.55. For oxidized insulin with its -S-S- bridges opened the figure became 0.80. However, the quenching by all the polypeptides in their fully denatured form (in the presence of 6 M urea) equalled that of the corresponding amino acid mixtures. Although polypeptides are generally supposed not to possess a stable secondary structure in solution the effects are explained by shielding of some of the reactive amino acid residues in the chain by temporary folding or incipient secondary structures of the native polypeptide.
It is shown that the kinetics for a homogeneous solution of quenchers applies also to measurements in a polypeptide solution where the quenchers are localized along the polypeptide backbone and thus form clusters in solution. 相似文献
It is shown that the kinetics for a homogeneous solution of quenchers applies also to measurements in a polypeptide solution where the quenchers are localized along the polypeptide backbone and thus form clusters in solution. 相似文献
2.
Shalom Feigelstock 《Monatshefte für Mathematik》1983,95(4):265-268
Near rings without zero divisors, and a dual structure, near codomains, are studied. It is shown that a near ring is a near field if and only if it is an integral near ring, a near codomain, and has a non-zero distributive element. If the additive group (N, +) of a near integral domainN is cohopfian, then (N, +) possesses a fixed point free automorphism which is either torsion free or of prime order. This generalizes a well-known theorem of Ligh for finite near integral domains. A result ofGanesan [1] on the non-zero divisors in a finite ring is generalized to near rings. 相似文献
3.
We show that for some absolute (explicit) constant C, the following holds for every finitely generated group G, and all d > 0: If there is some
R
0 > exp(exp(Cd
C
)) for which the number of elements in a ball of radius R
0 in a Cayley graph of G is bounded by R0d{R_0^d} , then G has a finite-index subgroup which is nilpotent (of step < C
d
). An effective bound on the finite index is provided if “nilpotent” is replaced by “polycyclic”, thus yielding a non-trivial
result for finite groups as well. 相似文献
4.
Shalom Eliahou Rafael H. Villarreal 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》2002,130(2):345-351
Let be a toric set in the affine space . Given a set of binomials in the toric ideal of , we give a criterion for deciding the equality rad( ) = . This criterion extends to arbitrary dimension, and to arbitrary fields, an earlier result which concerned only monomial curves over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero.
5.
Yehuda Shalom 《Transactions of the American Mathematical Society》1999,351(8):3387-3412
Let be any locally compact non-discrete field. We show that finite invariant measures for -algebraic actions are obtained only via actions of compact groups. This extends both Borel's density and fixed point theorems over local fields (for semisimple/solvable groups, resp.). We then prove that for -algebraic actions, finitely additive finite invariant measures are obtained only via actions of amenable groups. This gives a new criterion for Zariski density of subgroups and is shown to have representation theoretic applications. The main one is to Kazhdan's property for algebraic groups, which we investigate and strengthen.
6.
We suggest to use stochastic differential equations for laser-plasma problems. Using this technique we solve analytically the motion of the electrons at the critical layer and calculate the density profile scaling length (L). For an Nd laser flux of 1017 W/cm2 we estimate L ≈ 0.15 μm, while for a CO2 laser flux of 1015 W/cm2 we get L ≈ 1.5 μm. 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
Using mutually modulated cross-gain modulation, Stokes optical frequency changes are converted into modulation phase changes with high sensitivity. In the slow-light transition regime, we demonstrate kilohertz sensitivity to the Stokes optical carrier frequency. The sensitivity is inversely proportional to the modulation frequency of the pump and Stokes beams. 相似文献
10.
Vocal warmup is generally accepted as vital for singing performance. However, only a limited number of studies have evaluated this effect quantitatively. In this study, we evaluated the effect of vocal warmup on voice production, among young female singers, using a set of acoustic parameters. Warmup reduced frequency-perturbation (p < 0.001) and amplitude-perturbation values (p < 0.05). In addition, warmup increased singer's formant amplitude (p < 0.05) and improved noise-to-harmonic ratio (p < 0.05). Tone-matching accuracy, however, was not affected by warmup. The effect of vocal warmup on frequency-perturbation parameters was more evident among mezzo-soprano singers than it was among soprano singers. It was also more evident in the low pitch-range than in the higher pitch-ranges (p < 0.05). The results of this study provide valid support for the advantageous effect of vocal warmup on voice quality and present acoustic analysis as a valuable and sensitive tool for quantifying this effect. 相似文献