Influence of the frequency spectrum width on the transverse coherence of optical field

Transverse spatial coherence of the optical field depending on parameters of angular and frequency spectra is considered. Expressions for the function and length of the transverse coherence in relation to the widths of the angular and frequency spectra are obtained. Experimental studies with a modified high-power Young interferometer that prove theoretical results are performed.     

Reconstructing spatial phase distributions and object images from speckle intensity patterns of the diffraction field

A method of reconstruction of the spatial phase distribution and the image of a scattering object from a recorded speckle pattern of the diffraction field has been developed and verified on test objects. The proposed method is based on an assumption that, for objects of a certain class, the phase difference between adjacent speckles in the far zone is equal to π. Digital records of Fourier speckle patterns and the corresponding digitally reconstructed images are presented.     

Longitudinal coherence length of an optical field

Longitudinal coherence of an optical field depending on the parameters of its frequency and angular spectra is considered. Expressions for the function and length of longitudinal coherence depending on the width of the frequency and angular spectra are obtained. The competitive influence of the angular and frequency spectra of the field on its longitudinal coherence is discussed. Experimental studies using a longitudinal shearing Michelson interferometer that proves theoretical results are performed.     

Orientational processes in the yarns of high-molecular-mass cellulose acetate in vapors of nitromethane and its mixture with water

The phenomenon of spontaneous changes in the linear dimensions (elongation-contraction) is described for commercial and laboratory samples of acetate yarns processed by wet spinning from high- molecular -mass cellulose diacetate in vapors of a mesophas ogenic solvent (which is able to form a lyotropic LC phase with the polymer), nitromethane, and its mixtures with water. The thermodeformational, elastic- plastic, physicomechanical, and surface characteristics of the yarns at different stages of their spontaneous deformation are analyzed. When samples are treated with probe vapors, orientational processes in the polymer matrix are activated, and this observation makes it possible to prepare yarns with improved physicomechanical characteristics and with low linear density. A new phenomenon (to our knowledge) of cyclic three- stage deformation of acetate monofilaments in nitromethane vapors is discovered. This evidence is interpreted from the standpoint of phase (amorphous glassy-liquid crystalline state) and conformational transitions as well as by the mechanism of interaction between polymers and solvent vapors and related development of the LC phase.     

Effect of decoherence of optical field with broad angular spectrum upon propagation through transparent media interfaces

The effects of the decoherence of a narrow-band optical field with a broad angular spectrum upon propagation through a plate of a transparent medium placed in one of the arms of the Michelson interferometer are established.     

Reconstruction of the hologram structure from a digitally recorded Fourier specklegram

Optics and Spectroscopy - The possibilities of reconstructing the hologram structure and image from a digitally recorded Fourier specklegram without reference beam have been considered. The...     

Diffractive optical elements with a double identical microstructure for determination of statistical parameters of random phase objects

Physical processes of interference pattern formation in partially coherent and coherent optical systems containing special diffractive optical elements with a double identical microstructure are studied in the case when a thin scattering object is present in the optical system. Methods for determining the spatial coherence function of the light field, the autocorrelation function of transmission of random phase screens, and the statistical parameters of the screens are considered.     

Low-Coherence interference microscopy of the internal structure of crystallized blood plasma

The possibility of using full-field low-coherence (white light) interferometry to investigate the surface profile and the internal spatial structure of crystallized drops of blood plasma and to study plasma structuring in real time is discussed. The experimental microtomograms of the central and peripheral regions of a plasma drop are presented. A method is proposed to estimate the contact angle using two-dimensional cross sections of the drop optical structure in the peripheral region.     

Determination of subpixel microdisplacements of speckle structure using the phase shift of spatial spectrum field

An experimental method for measurement of subpixel microdisplacements of speckle structure based on the parameters of the linear phase shift in the field of the complex spatial spectrum of the displaced structure is proposed and experimentally implemented. The phase shift is determined when a phase shift of spectrum is numerically added and the correlation analysis of the resulting linear phase shift in the spatial spectrum of specklegrams is performed. The method provides additional possibilities in the measurements using digital speckle photography when the period of interference fringes formed in the total spatial spectrum of specklegrams is significantly greater than the spectral width.

     

The influence of the numerical aperture of a beam probing an object on the determination of the thickness of a layered object in confocal microscopy

The influence of the numerical aperture of a light beam probing an object on the value measured with a confocal interference microscope when determining the thickness of layered object has been theoretically and experimentally investigated. The dependence of the measured value on the numerical aperture in the form of an analytical formula is obtained. It is established that the measured value is determined by the average longitudinal spatial frequency of the field probing the object. The results of experimental verification of the dependence obtained allow us to conclude that it is possible to increase the measurement accuracy of geometrical thickness and refractive index of layered micro-objects by the methods of confocal microscopy.