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1.
Rolf Dittmann Heinz-Jürgen Feld Wolfgang Samenfink Sigmar Wittig 《Particle & Particle Systems Characterization》1994,11(5):379-384
In utilizing the advantages of extinction measurements in micron and especially submicron particle characterization, the properties of a multiple wavelength extinction technique have been the subject of extended theoretical studies. Furthermore, an experimental set-up was designed which provides high flexibility owing to its modular design. The performance of the technique described is demonstrated by a large variety of applications in aerosol and combustion research and in large-scale industrial systems. It was found to be a reliable tool in characterizing dense particulate systems. 相似文献
2.
3.
William A. Feld B. Ramalingam Frank W. Harris 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1983,21(2):319-328
Four aromatic dinitro compounds containing oxyethylene units 1,2-bis(4-nitrophenoxy)ethane, bis(2)-(4-nitrophenoxy)ethyl ether, 1,2-bis(2)-(4-nitrophenoxy)ethoxy)ethane, and bis(2-(2-(4-nitrophenoxy)ethoxy)ethyl) ether were prepared by an aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction that involved 1-fluoro-4-nitrobenzene and the appropriate oxyethylene glycol. Each of the dinitro compounds could be reduced chemically or catalytically to produce the diamines 1,2-bis(4-aminophenoxy)ethane, bis(2-(4-amino-phenoxy)ethyl ether, 1,2-bis(2-(4-aminophenoxy)ethoxy)ethane, and bis(2-(2-(4-aminophenoxy)ethoxy)ethyl) ether. Polymerization of the diamines was carried out in m-cresol with toluene as an azeotroping agent. Polymides derived from 5,5′-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethylidene]bis-1,3-isobenzofuradione exhibited good solubility in chlorinated solvents, glass transition temperatures as low as 140°C, as evidenced by viscous flow, and good thermal stability; a 5% weight loss generally occured at greater than 450°C. Isothermal aging studies conducted at 600°F(315°C) for 200 h indicated that weight loss is directly related to oxyalkylene chain length–10% for the shortest and 50% for the longest chain. 相似文献
4.
Ten bis(4-aryloxy-3-nitrophenyl) sulfones were synthesized via a phase-transfer catalyzed, nucleophilic displacement reaction involving phenoxides and bis(4-chloro-3-nitrophenyl) sulfone. 相似文献
5.
We report a highly accurate phase-based technique for measuring arbitrarily long optical distance with subnanometer precision. The method employs a Michelson interferometer with a pair of harmonically related light sources, one cw and the other low coherence. By slightly detuning (~2 nm) the center wavelength of the low-coherence source between scans of the target sample, we can use the phase relationship between the heterodyne signals of the cw and the low-coherence light to measure the separation between reflecting interfaces with subnanometer precision. As this technique is completely free of 2pi ambiguity, an issue that plagues most phase-based techniques, it can be used to measure arbitrarily long optical distances without loss of precision. We demonstrate one application of this technique, the high-precision determination of the differential refractive index. 相似文献
6.
Blood analysis by Raman spectroscopy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Concentrations of multiple analytes were simultaneously measured in whole blood with clinical accuracy, without sample processing, using near-infrared Raman spectroscopy. Spectra were acquired with an instrument employing nonimaging optics, designed using Monte Carlo simulations of the influence of light-scattering-absorbing blood cells on the excitation and emission of Raman light in turbid medium. Raman spectra were collected from whole blood drawn from 31 individuals. Quantitative predictions of glucose, urea, total protein, albumin, triglycerides, hematocrit, and hemoglobin were made by means of partial least-squares (PLS) analysis with clinically relevant precision (r(2) values >0.93). The similarity of the features of the PLS calibration spectra to those of the respective analyte spectra illustrates that the predictions are based on molecular information carried by the Raman light. This demonstrates the feasibility of using Raman spectroscopy for quantitative measurements of biomolecular contents in highly light-scattering and absorbing media. 相似文献
7.
Feldötö Z Varga I Blomberg E 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2010,26(22):17048-17057
A quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and dual polarization interferometry (DPI) have been utilized to study how the structure of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH)/poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) multilayers is affected by the rinsing method (i.e., the termination of polyelectrolyte adsorption). The effect of the type of counterions used in the deposition solution was also investigated, and the polyelectrolyte multilayers were formed in a 0.5 M electrolyte solution (NaCl and KBr). From the measurements, it was observed that thicker layers were obtained when using KBr in the deposition solution than when using NaCl. Three different rinsing protocols have been studied: (i) the same electrolyte solution as used during multilayer formation, (ii) pure water, and (iii) first a salt solution (0.5 M) and then pure water. When the multilayer with PAH as the outermost layer was exposed to pure water, an interesting phenomenon was discovered: a large change in the energy dissipation was measured with the QCM. This could be attributed to the swelling of the layer, and from both QCM and DPI it is obvious that only the outermost PAH layer swells (to a thickness of 25-30 nm) because of a decrease in ionic strength and hence an increase in intra- and interchain repulsion, whereas the underlying layers retain a very rigid and compact structure with a low water content. Interestingly, the outermost PAH layer seems to obtain very similar thicknesses in water independent of the electrolyte used for the multilayer buildup. Another interesting aspect was that the measured thickness with the DPI evaluated by a single-layer model did not correlate with the estimated thickness from the model calculations performed on the QCM-D data. Thus, we applied a two-layer model to evaluate the DPI data and the results were in excellent agreement with the QCM-D results. To our knowledge, this evaluation of DPI data has not been done previously. 相似文献
8.
Keng Lung Lee Joey Feld Dr. Paul Hume Prof. Tilo Söhnel Dr. Erin Leitao 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2021,27(2):815-824
A series of ammonium monosubstituted H-phosphonate salts were synthesized by combining H-phosphonate diesters with amines in the absence of solvent at 80 °C. Variation of the ester substituent and amine produced a range of ionic liquids with low melting points. The products and by-products were analyzed by spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques in order to get a better mechanistic picture of the dealkylation and formal dearylation observed. For dialkyl H-phosphonate diesters, (RO)2P(O)H (R=alkyl), the reaction proceeds via direct dealkylation with the reactivity increasing in the order R=iPr<Et<Me corresponding to DFT calculated activation enthalpies of 22.6, 20.8, and 17.9 kcal mol−1. For the diphenyl H-phosphonate diesters, (PhO)2P(O)H, the dearylation was found to proceed via phenol-assisted formation of a 5-coordinate intermediate, (PhO)3PH(OH), from which P(OPh)3 and water were eliminated. The presence of an equivalent of water then facilitated the formation of P(OH)2OPh and the amine, R'NH2, subsequently abstracted a proton from it to yield [(PhO)PH(O)O]-[R'NH3]+. 相似文献
9.
William A. Feld Lucia Serico Beverly G. Genez Linda L. Friar 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1983,21(3):883-890
The synthesis of two phenylated bifunctional monomers, dimethyl 4-(4-(p-aminophenoxy)phenyl)-3,5,6-triphenylphthalate and dimethyl 4-(4-(4-(p-aminophenoxy)phenoxy)phenyl)-3,5,6-triphenylphthlate, was accomplished. Polymerization in solution or by a bulk polymerization procedure yielded a series of low molecular weight phenylated polyimides. The polymers were soluble in chlorinated hydrocarbons and exhibited thermal stabilities comparable to other polyimide systems. 相似文献
10.
We introduce Hilbert phase microscopy (HPM) as a novel optical technique for measuring high transverse resolution quantitative phase images associated with optically transparent objects. Because of its single-shot nature, HPM is suitable for investigating rapid phenomena that take place in transparent structures such as biological cells. The potential of this technique for studying biological systems is demonstrated with measurements of red blood cells, and its ability to quantify dynamic processes on a millisecond scale is exemplified with measurements of evaporating micrometer-sized water droplets. 相似文献