MRI contrast-dose relationship of manganese(III)tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin with human xenograft tumors in nude mice at 2.0 T

Previously we reported that Mn(III)tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin, MnTPPS₄, is a contrast agent which can effectively enhance tumor detection by MRI. By imaging 30 additional athymic nude mice bearing subcutaneous MCF-7 WT human breast carcinoma xenografts, we have extended dose-contrast relationships over a wide range of intraperitoneal (IP) doses ranging from 0.025 to 0.50 mmol/kg. The benefits of IP injection are higher possible doses on a volume basis and a reduction in toxicity versus IV administration. Full coronal cross-section images have been obtained on a 2-T spectrometer. Although individual tumor masses displayed different distribution patterns, reflective of their internal morphology, single doses of 0.10 mmol/kg or greater were necessary to produce a detectable effect. At a dose of 0.50 mmol/kg, marked enhancement was produced. Multiple small dosages administered over the course of several days before imaging did not produce increased enhancement. Preliminary results on the new porphyrin derivative, MnTPPS₃, indicate that the ratio of the toxic dose to the effective dose may be adjustable to render this class of agents clinically useful.     

Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance microscopy of mineralization

Paramagnetic manganese (II) can be employed as a calcium surrogate to sensitize magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM) to the processing of calcium during bone formation. At high doses, osteoblasts can take up sufficient quantities of manganese, resulting in marked changes in water proton T(1), T(2) and magnetization transfer ratio values compared to those for untreated cells. Accordingly, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) results confirm that the manganese content of treated cell pellets was 10-fold higher than that for untreated cell pellets. To establish that manganese is processed like calcium and deposited as bone, calvaria from the skull of embryonic chicks were grown in culture medium supplemented with 1 mM MnCl(2) and 3 mM CaCl(2). A banding pattern of high and low T(2) values, consistent with mineral deposits with high and low levels of manganese, was observed radiating from the calvarial ridge. The results of ICP-MS studies confirm that manganese-treated calvaria take up increasing amounts of manganese with time in culture. Finally, elemental mapping studies with electron probe microanalysis confirmed local variations in the manganese content of bone newly deposited on the calvarial surface. This is the first reported use of manganese-enhanced MRM to study the process whereby calcium is taken up by osteoblasts cells and deposited as bone.     

Gargano,Lewinter and Malerba问题的解

§1　IntroductionLet G be a graph with vertex-set V(G) ={ v1 ,v2 ,...,vn} .A labeling of G is a bijectionL:V(G)→{ 1,2 ,...,n} ,where L (vi) is the label of a vertex vi.A labeled graph is anordered pair (G,L) consisting of a graph G and its labeling L.Definition1.An increasing nonconsecutive path in a labeled graph(G,L) is a path(u1 ,u2 ,...,uk) in G such thatL(ui) + 1相似文献   

STABILITY NUMBER IN SUBCLASSES OF P5-FREE GRAPHS

Two new hereditary classes of P5-free graphs where the stability number can be found in polynomial time are proposed. They generalize several known results.     

Probe efficiency improvement with remote and transmission line tuning and matching.

In certain nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) applications in which accessibility to the gantry is limited, performing optimal tuning and matching represents a major problem. Here, we discuss a method of tuning NMR probe circuits and matching their impedances which uses cables with different impedance values. This simple but efficient method may be advantageous compared with much more difficult perfect tuning and matching.     

翼型模型振动的实验研究与气动特性分析

通过在NF-3低速风洞专门研制的翼型模型及相应的俯仰和沉浮振动机构,选用NACA0012翼型进行大迎角下不同频率的振动实验,研究了模型振动平均状态下对其气动力特性的影响情况,并在N-S方程基础上对振动流场进行了初步分析。实验与计算研究的结果表明:在临近定常失速迎角的大迎角条件下,翼型的振动可以引起旋涡分离,导致翼型升力减小和失速迎角的提前;就所讨论的两种振动模式而言,俯仰振动的影响大于沉浮振动。所以,为了提高飞机模型,尤其是大展弦比飞机模型的风洞实验精准度,在模型设计和加工时要特别注意加强机翼弦向的扭转刚度。     

Novel mineral contrast agent for magnetic resonance studies of bone implants grown on a chick chorioallantoic membrane

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of tissue engineered constructs prior to implantation clearly demonstrate the utility of the MRI technique for studying the bone formation process. To test the utility of our MRI protocols for explant studies, we present a novel test platform in which osteoblast-seeded scaffolds were implanted on the chorioallantoic membrane of a chick embryo. Scaffolds from the following experimental groups were examined by high-resolution MRI: (a) cell-seeded implanted scaffolds (CIM), (b) unseeded implanted scaffolds (UCIM), (c) cell-seeded scaffolds in static culture (CIV) and (d) unseeded scaffolds in static culture (UCIV). The reduction in water proton transverse relaxation times and the concomitant increase in water proton magnetization transfer ratios for CIM and CIV scaffolds, compared to UCIV scaffolds, were consistent with the formation of a bone-like tissue within the polymer scaffold, which was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence microscopy. However, the presence of angiogenic vessels and fibrotic adhesions around UCIM scaffolds can confound MRI findings of bone deposition. Consequently, to improve the specificity of the MRI technique for detecting mineralized deposits within explanted tissue engineered bone constructs, we introduce a novel contrast agent that uses alendronate to target a Food and Drug Administration-approved MRI contrast agent (Gd-DOTA) to bone mineral. Our contrast agent termed GdALN was used to uniquely identify mineralized deposits in representative samples from our four experimental groups. After GdALN treatment, both CIM and CIV scaffolds, containing mineralized deposits, showed marked signal enhancement on longitudinal relaxation time-weighted (T1W) images compared to UCIV scaffolds. Relative to UCIV scaffolds, some enhancement was observed in T1W images of GdALN-treated UCIM scaffolds, subjacent to the dark adhesions at the scaffold surface, possibly from dystrophic mineral formed in the fibrotic adhesions. Notably, residual dark areas on T1W images of CIM and UCIM scaffolds were attributable to blood inside infiltrating vessels. In summary, we present the efficacy of GdALN for sensitizing the MRI technique to the deposition of mineralized deposits in explanted polymeric scaffolds.