全文获取类型
收费全文 | 5027篇 |
免费 | 168篇 |
国内免费 | 28篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 3406篇 |
晶体学 | 46篇 |
力学 | 191篇 |
数学 | 515篇 |
物理学 | 1065篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 27篇 |
2023年 | 52篇 |
2022年 | 290篇 |
2021年 | 236篇 |
2020年 | 166篇 |
2019年 | 163篇 |
2018年 | 195篇 |
2017年 | 136篇 |
2016年 | 215篇 |
2015年 | 178篇 |
2014年 | 182篇 |
2013年 | 349篇 |
2012年 | 300篇 |
2011年 | 339篇 |
2010年 | 205篇 |
2009年 | 188篇 |
2008年 | 188篇 |
2007年 | 200篇 |
2006年 | 157篇 |
2005年 | 155篇 |
2004年 | 105篇 |
2003年 | 87篇 |
2002年 | 84篇 |
2001年 | 77篇 |
2000年 | 58篇 |
1999年 | 63篇 |
1998年 | 30篇 |
1997年 | 33篇 |
1996年 | 51篇 |
1995年 | 47篇 |
1994年 | 29篇 |
1993年 | 43篇 |
1992年 | 38篇 |
1991年 | 46篇 |
1990年 | 22篇 |
1989年 | 22篇 |
1988年 | 33篇 |
1987年 | 29篇 |
1986年 | 33篇 |
1985年 | 44篇 |
1984年 | 30篇 |
1983年 | 28篇 |
1982年 | 27篇 |
1981年 | 15篇 |
1980年 | 35篇 |
1979年 | 26篇 |
1978年 | 31篇 |
1977年 | 27篇 |
1976年 | 20篇 |
1973年 | 13篇 |
排序方式: 共有5223条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
M. Niyaz Khan 《国际化学动力学杂志》1991,23(7):561-566
The effects of the concentrations of LiCl, NaCl, KCl, CsCl, Na2CO3, BaCl2, and Me4NCl on the rates of reactions of hydroxide ion with ionized N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHP) at 30°C and in a H2O–MeCN solvent containing 98%, v/v, H2O reveal a nonlinear increase in observed rate constants with increase in salt concentrations. The observed rate constants are highly sensitive to the valence state of cations and almost insensitive to the valence state of anions of the salts. These observations are explained in terms of ion-pair formation between cations and NHP?. 相似文献
3.
Methotrexate (MTX) has been convalently attached to an IgG-type monoclonal antibody (791T/36) directed to tumour-associated antigen gp72. Conjugates were synthesized by the active ester method using MTX N-succinimidyl ester at various pH values (7.5-10.5). Following purification by gel filtration, high performance liquid chromatography was used to assess the free drug or its derivatives in samples of MTX-791T/36 conjugates previously treated (or not) with hydroxylamine. Quantitative analysis, performed on a reversed phase column (pore size 300 A) with isocratic acetonitrile-sodium acetate buffer (pH 4.8) as mobile phase, indicated no detectable amount of free methotrexate in hydroxylamine-treated conjugates even six months after their preparation. Similar observations were made with conjugates, whose synthesis were performed at pH greater than or equal to 10. In contrast, the presence of increasing amounts of drug/metabolite could be demonstrated in samples produced at lower pH values. Based on these findings, the pH-dependent kinetics of MTX release has been determined and used to design conditions under which stable MTX-791T/36 conjugates could be prepared without hydroxylamine reaction. 相似文献
4.
Poly(ortho‐phenylene ethynylene)s (PoPEs) have been synthesized via an in situ activation/coupling AB′ polycondensation protocol. The resulting polymers have been characterized by several analytical methods and are shown to have no structural defects. Although the Sonogashira–Hagihara polycondensation reaction is less efficient than for the preparation of the corresponding meta‐ and para‐linked polymers, presumably because of steric hindrance caused by the ortho substituents, the process can be accelerated by the use of microwave irradiation. Optical spectroscopy indicates solvent‐dependent conformational changes between extended transoid and helical cisoid conformations, providing the first experimental evidence for solvophobically driven folding of the PoPE backbone. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 1619–1627, 2006 相似文献
5.
BinaS. Siddiqui M.Nadeem Kardar S.Tariq Ali Shazia Khan 《Helvetica chimica acta》2003,86(6):2164-2169
A new obtusafuran derivative, lawsonicin ( 1 ), and a new naphthaquinone, lawsonadeem ( 2 ), along with a known constituent, vomifoliol ( 3 ), were isolated from the aerial parts of Lawsonia alba and characterized by chemical transformation and spectroscopic experiments, including 2D‐NMR techniques. 相似文献
6.
7.
Shleev SV Khan IG Gazaryan IG Morozova OV Yaropolov AI 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2003,111(3):167-184
The screening of potential redox mediators for laccase was performed using homogeneous enzyme preparations from Coriolus hirsutus and Coriolus zonatus. It was discovered that derivatives of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-pyrazolones were efficient substrates for the laccases. The characterization of two representatives of the 1-phenyl-pyrazolone class, sodium 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4- methylamino-pyrazolone-5-N(4)-methanesulfonate and 1-(3'-sulfophenyl)-3- methylpyrazolone-5, in the reaction catalyzed by laccase was carried out using spectral, electrochemical, and enzyme kinetics methods. The kinetic parameters for the oxidation of the newly discovered substrates were comparable with those for 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) oxidation by laccase. Electrochemical experiments demonstrated that oxidation of these compounds yielded two high-potential intermediates capable of oxidizing veratryl alcohol, which was used as a lignin model substrate, to the corresponding aldehyde and acid. 1-(3'-Sulfophenyl)-3- methylpyrazolone-5 was about 30-40% as effective in degrading veratryl alcohol compared to ABTS as judged from high-performance liquid chromatography kinetic studies. 1-Phenyl-3-methyl-pyrazolones may be of commercial interest for oxidoreductase-catalyzed biodegradation of organic compounds. 相似文献
8.
A. A. Abd El Raheem Abdel Aziz Amin A. S. Moustafa 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1960,172(5):347-356
Summary Omega Chrome Fast Blue 2G has been found to be a suitable indicator for the detection of the equivalence point of calcium, magnesium and manganese in the presence of cadmium, nickel, and aluminium, when they are masked by the addition of cyanide or triethanolamine. It is also a suitable indicator for the back titration of aluminium using calcium or magnesium as a back titrant.This dye has also been found to be a suitable reagent for the colorimetric determination of calcium, magnesium, manganese and thorium. 相似文献
9.
K. Shakir M. Aziz Sh. G. Beheir 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1992,162(2):227-238
Studies have shown that plots of the log of the distribution ratio versus pH for the distribution of uranium(VI) between non-plasticized and TBP-plasticized dibenzoylmethane-loaded polyurethane foams and dilute aqueous uranium(VI) solutions have a limiting slope of 0.6 at equilibrium pH values 4 and reach a maximum distribution constant at about pH 6.0. The results indicate that the extracted complex is a simple chelate, UO2Me2, where HMe denotes dibenzoylmethane. Plasticization of the foam with TBP has been found to significantly enhance the rate of extraction. 相似文献
10.
The distribution of iron(III) between aqueous hydrochloric acid and 0.1M 2-hexylpyridine in benzene was examined as a function of acid concentration in the aqueous solution, the metal concentration being kept constant, and as a function of increasing ferric chloride concentration at a constant acidity of hydrochloric acid. The distribution coefficient of Fe(III) (tracer) is dependent on the square of the 2-hexylpyridine concentration in the benzene phase. Negatively charged complexes of the type FeCl(2-)(5) may be the species extracted. The formation of a mixture of 1:1 and 1:2 complexes with 2-hexylpyridine is indicated. Salting-out effects of a number of salts have been investigated. Separation factors of several metal ions relative to iron(III) in 7M hydrochloric acid are also reported. The results indicate that iron(III) can be selectively separated from a large number of elements, and the method has been utilized for the preconcentration of non-ferrous metal ions in mild steels by selective separation of iron, before their subsequent determination by emission spectrometry. 相似文献