核磁共振法测定高聚物的结构—核磁共振二维谱

介绍了核磁共振(NMR)波谱,尤其是核磁共振二维谱(2D NMR)在最近几年内的进展。内容包括怎样用NMR测定高聚物的序列分布、共聚物结构、聚合物的混溶性、聚合物液晶的取向度、分子量、短链度和长链支化度、凝聚态高聚物的多相结构等。     

激光脉冲对氢负离子在金属面附近光剥离的影响

利用闭合轨道理论和金属面附近氢负离子的双脉冲光剥离截面的计算公式,计算了氢负离子在金属面附近激光脉冲作用下的光剥离截面.计算结果表明:如果脉冲宽度远大于闭合轨道的回归周期时,它对光剥离截面的影响很小;当脉冲宽度小于闭合轨道的周期或者可以和闭合轨道的周期相比较时,光剥离截面的振荡幅度大大地减弱.光剥离截面除了与脉冲宽度有关外,还与双脉冲之间的时间延迟、相位差有关.对于某些相位差, 双脉冲光剥离截面的取值增大; 而对于另外一些相位差, 光剥离截面的取值减小.因此,可以利用脉冲激光来控制氢负离子在表面附近光剥离 关键词： 激光脉冲 光剥离截面 金属面 闭合轨道理论     

铱催化氢化合成一种手性1,4-二氢喹唑啉化合物

手性二氢喹唑啉是一类极其重要的化合物,不仅具有一定的生物和药物活性,也是许多天然产物和药物分子的核心骨架。本文采用过渡金属铱不对称氢化的方法合成了新型手性1,4-二氢喹唑啉化合物,其ee值高达92%,该研究为该类化合物的合成提供更加便捷、新颖的方法和思路。     

化学实验室安全教育实效研究*——以大二学生为例

为考察化学实验室安全教育实效,本文对天津理工大学化学化工学院大二学生的实验室焦虑、安全态度、安全意识以及安全知识进行问卷调查。调查结果表明:实验室焦虑存在性别差异,女生焦虑情绪比男生严重;参加过安全教育培训学生比未参加安全培训学生安全态度更为端正。回归分析表明:实验室焦虑、安全态度和安全知识都与安全意图显著正相关。基于统计分析结果,提出以下安全培训提升策略:关注学生心理安全,加强情绪疏导,克服实验室焦虑;优化安全教育模式,发挥学生主观能动性,提高安全教育实效。最后,安全教育也是立德树人的过程,通过安全教育,将学生培养成为敬畏生命、敬畏责任、敬畏规章、具有正确安全道德价值观的化工行业从业人员。     

Magnetic field effect in photodetachment from negative ion in electric field near metal surface

Based on the closed-orbit theory, the magnetic field effect in the photodetachment of negative ion in the electric field near a metal surface is studied for the first time. The results show that the magnetic field can produce a significant effect on the photodetachment of negative ion near a metal surface. Besides the closed orbits previously found by Du et al. for the H in the electric field near a metal surface (J. Phys. B 43 035002 (2010)), some additional closed orbits are produced due to the effect of magnetic field. For a given ion-surface distance and an electric field strength, the cross section depends sensitively on the magnetic field strength. As the magnetic field strength is very small, its influence can be neglected. With the increase of the magnetic field strength, the number of the closed orbits increases greatly and the oscillation in the cross section becomes much more complex. Therefore we can control the photodetachment cross section of the negative ion by changing the magnetic field strength. We hope that our results may guide future experimental studies for the photodetachment process of negative ion in the presence of external fields and surfaces.     

第十五届全国原子与分子物理学术会议投稿论文:粒子在 Hénon-Heiles势中的逃逸动力学模拟

利用庞加莱截面和相空间轨迹方法对粒子在Hénon-Heiles势中的逃逸动力学进行了模拟。粒子的动力学性质敏感地依赖于粒子的能量。数值计算表明当能量很小时，粒子的运动是规则的；随着能量的增加，粒子的运动开始出现混沌。当能量增加到鞍点能 时,几乎所有的相空间轨迹都是混沌的。当粒子的能量 , 粒子可以越过势阱发生逃逸。对于给定的大于 的能量, 我们画出了粒子的逃逸－时间曲线和逃逸轨迹。我们的研究对于研究混沌传输和逃逸动力学具有一定的参考价值。     

The influence of electric of H- near field on the photodetachment a metal surface

The influence of electric field on the photodetachment of H- near a metal surface is investigated based on the closed-orbit theory. It is found that the photodetachment of H- near a metal surface is not only related to the electric field strength but also to the electric field direction. If the electric field is along the ＋z axis, it can strengthen the oscillation in the photodetachment cross section. However, if the electric field is along the -z axis, since the direction of electric field force is opposite to that of static-image force caused by the metal surface, the situation becomes much more complicated. When the electric field is very weak, its influence can be neglected. The photodetachment cross section is nearly the same as that when a single metal surface exists. When the electric field strength is strong enough, the electric field force is able to counteract the metallic attraction, therefore no closed orbit is formed. If the electric field continues to increase until its influence becomes dominant, the photodetachment cross section approaches the case of the photodetachment of H^- in an electric field. Our results may be useful for guiding future experimental studies on the photodetachment of negative ions near surfaces.     

Photo-detachment cross section of H- near two parallel interfaces

The photo-detachment cross section of H^- near two parallel elastic interfaces is derived and calculated by using the closed orbit theory. The photo-detachment cross section of H^- near two interfaces is shown to exhibit multi-periodic oscillations when the distance between the H^- and the interface is varied. Each peak in the Fourier transformed photo-detachment cross section corresponds to the length of a closed orbit, which is quite similar to the case of atomic spontaneous emissions in a dielectric slab. This study provides a new understanding of the photo=detachment process of H^- in the presence of interfaces.     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定人工唾液中从镍铬合金牙冠浸出的镍离子

近年来,随着口腔修复材料和工艺的迅猛发展,人们将镍铬合金广泛应用于铸造牙冠桥及烤瓷牙冠桥的内冠上.随着人们健康意识的不断提高,对于长期放置在口腔中材料的生物安全性越来越重视.     

聚合物侧基NMR弛豫相关函数

本文导出了聚合物为链段运动时,侧基进行非等价二位置和三位置跃迁内旋转、随机自由扩散内旋转以及受阻内旋转时的NMR弛豫相关函数,同时给出了相应的谱密度函数,并讨论了两个应用实例。