Synthesis of 2-pyrone-4-carboxaldehydes from acetylene dicarboxaldehyde monoacetal

Reaction of acetylene dicarboxaldehyde monoacetal with substituted Meldrum’s acid leads good yields in 2-pyranones-4-carboxaldehydes substituted in position 3.     

On Improvements to the Analytic Center Cutting Plane Method

In this paper, we explore a weakness of a specific implementation of the analytic center cutting plane method applied to convex optimization problems, which may lead to weaker results than Kelley's cutting plane method. Improvements to the analytic center cutting plane method are suggested, and tested on some example problems.     

The preparation of thick-film glass capillary columns

A detailed method for the routine preparation of glass capillary columns is presented. The method consists of coating a glass tube with quartz powder prior to pulling the tube into a capillary. The inner surface of the capillary consists of an even distribution of quartz particles fused to the walls. This surface has been found readily deactivated by standard procedures and ideal for the preparation of thick-film glass capillary columns. The method has been thoroughly tested in two independent laboratories to ensure that the procedures described are reproducible.     

Gas chromatographic conditions for the linearity of the relationship between σT,t and tR in open tubes

The linearity of the relationship between σ_T,t² and (1 + k)² is studied with the view of using it for the evaluation of GC equipment. Based on appropriate analytical expressions it is concluded that in general this relationship is not linear and that practical procedures for column evaluation should be developed that take this non-linearity into account.     

A refined study of the [111] magnetoelastic properties of terbium iron garnet: Relation to the cotton mouton birefringence

Accurate measurement of the ^{, 2} magnetostriction constant of a single crystal of TbIG has been performed from 90 K up to the Neel temperature. Both spontaneous and forced magnetostriction differ markedly from the one ion model predictions. Moreover, the forced magnetostriction modulus is much stronger below the compensation temperature than expected from extrapolating the high temperature variations. The spontaneous [111] linear magnetic birefringence and its field derivative exhibit thermal variations proportional respectively to those of the spontaneous and forced magnetostriction from 80 to 200 K.Loboratoire associé à l'Université Scientifique et Médicale de Grenoble.     

Determination of sulphuric acid in process effluent streams using sequential injection titration

Sulphuric acid in process effluent streams from an electrorefining copper plant was analysed with a sequential injection (SI) titration system using sodium hydroxide as titrant. In the proposed SI titration system a base titrant, acid analyte and base titrant zone were injected sequentially into a distilled water carrier stream in a holding coil and swept by flow reversal through a reaction coil to the detector. The base zones contained bromothymol blue as indicator and the endpoint was monitored spectrophotometrically at 620 nm. The influence of carrier stream flow rate, acid and base zone volumes and titrant concentration on the linear range of the method was studied to obtain an optimum. A linear relationship between peak width and logarithm of the acid concentration was obtained in the range 0.006-0.178 mol l(-1) of H(2)SO(4) for a NaOH concentration of 0.002 mol l(-1). The results obtained for the SI titration of process samples were in good agreement with a standard potentiometric method with an RSD<0.75% and a sample frequency of 23 samples h(-1).     

利用偏置磁极周期会切磁铁产生边聚焦场

利用理论分析和数值计算的方法,研究了偏置磁极周期会切磁铁产生的、可用于带状电子束宽边聚焦的边聚焦场。结果表明:增加偏置长度,减小电子束通道宽度,增大磁极轴向长度可以在基本不改变边聚焦场在x方向上分布特性的前提下提高幅值;增大电子束通道的高度,增大磁极厚度均可以减小边聚焦场在x方向上分布曲线的曲率,但同时其幅值也会降低,该降低可利用前述方法予以补偿。在对带状电子束宽边聚焦进行束匹配时,可以先进行曲率匹配,再进行幅值匹配。在进行参数选择时,应合理选择束通道高度和磁极厚度的取值,以避免束通道内的边聚焦场在x方向上的分布出现曲率反向。     

碳气凝胶/聚苯乙烯双介质柱状靶的研制

介绍了碳气凝胶/聚苯乙烯（CRF/CH）双介质柱状靶的制备方法。使用溶胶-凝胶法和微模具原位成型法制备了直径为820 μm的间苯二酚-甲醛（RF）气凝胶微柱,在氮气保护下进行高温碳化后得到直径为730 μm、密度为250 mg·cm-3的CRF微柱;采用浸渍提拉法在CRF微柱柱面镀制一层厚度为26 μm 的CH薄膜, 形成CRF/CH双介质结构;采用机械微切割技术制备了长度为1 mm, 内径为730 μm,壁厚为26 μm的CRF/CH双介质柱状靶。实验研究了RF,CRF气凝胶微柱的制备工艺、微观形貌及CRF微柱轴向和径向的密度均匀性,探讨了影响CH薄膜厚度的主要因素,并对CH薄膜的表面形貌和两种材料之间的界面进行了表征。