Cycle and circle tests of balance in gain graphs: Forbidden minors and their groups

We examine two criteria for balance of a gain graph, one based on binary cycles and one on circles. The graphs for which each criterion is valid depend on the set of allowed gain groups. The binary cycle test is invalid, except for forests, if any possible gain group has an element of odd order. Assuming all groups are allowed, or all abelian groups, or merely the cyclic group of order 3, we characterize, both constructively and by forbidden minors, the graphs for which the circle test is valid. It turns out that these three classes of groups have the same set of forbidden minors. The exact reason for the importance of the ternary cyclic group is not clear. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory     

实验研究二维圆柱后尾流中涡脱落的有序和混沌现象

本文给出了在Re=50—400范围内二维圆柱后涡脱落的有序和混沌现象的一些初步实验结果。涡脱落由有序到混沌的转捩发生在Re=184.6—193.5之间,但是它不是通过准周期途径。在涡脱落频率与Re数的关系曲线上有两个间断。在Re=70处的间断可能对应于倾斜涡脱落模式的变化,在Re≈193.5处的第二间断对应于由有序到混沌状态的转捩。     

Naphthyl azomesogens with lateral chloro groups

A homologous series of azomesogens, 2″-[4-(4′-n-alkoxybenzoyloxy)-2-chlorophenylazo] naphthalenes, with lateral chloro groups was synthesised. All the homologues synthesized exhibit enantiotropic nematic mesophase. The mesomorphic properties of the present series are compared with other structurally related series to evaluate the effect of lateral chloro group and its position on mesomorphism This paper was presented at the 10th National Conference on Liquid Crystals held at Bangalore, India during 9–11 October 2003.     

Cochran's statistical theorem for outer inverses of matrices and matrix quadratic forms

We extend the matrix version of Cochran's statistical theorem to outer inverses of a matrix. As applications, we investigate the Wishartness and independence of matrix quadratic forms for Kronecker product covariance structures.     

Development of a quantitative FI-MS technique for the characterization of high- and nonboiling saturated hydrocarbon mixtures

Summary Using a saturated non-boiling hydrocarbon mixture, the influence of two parameters on the results of field ionization mass spectrometry (FI-MS) measurements was studied: (a) the potential difference between the FI emitter and the counterelectrode; (b) the emitter temperature.Variation of the potential difference had only a minor effect on the average molecular mass measured and had no evident effect on the relative ring number distribution in the sample. In contrast, when the emitter temperature was increased, higher average molecular masses were recorded. Moreover, the average molecular masses shifted to higher ring numbers. In order to control the relationship between the described influences during mixture analysis, measuring instructions have been developed that enable the quantitative analysis of unknown saturated samples. However, average molecular mass of the mixture must be known.

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Entwicklung einer quantitativen FI-MS-Methode zur Charakterisierung von gesättigten hoch- und nichtsiedenden Kohlenwasserstoffgemischen

     

Vascular morphology by three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging

A three-dimensional examination of blood vessels is provided using MR data from seven cases. The vascular surfaces are constructed with an algorithm that automatically follows the selected artery or vein and generates a projected three-dimensional gradient shaded image. Fast 3DFT pulse sequences were optimized to enhance the time-of-flight contrast of the intravascular region. By increasing the surface threshold value in a three-dimensional head study, the flesh of a patient's face was peeled away to demonstrate the superfacial temporal artery. Gated cardiac images show the great vessels and cardiac chambers. A three-dimensional view of the aorta shows an irregular surface in the vicinity of an adrenal tumor. 3D MR exams provide a non-invasive technique for assessing vascular morphology in a clinical setting.     

Untersuchungen zur Wechselwirkung von gasf?rmigem molekularem Iod mit Silberoberfl?chen mittels XPS und AES

Summary The adsorption of gaseous molecular iodine on clean silver surfaces proceeds in the first stage by dissociative chemisorption. After the formation of half a monolayer of chemisorbed iodine atoms the formation of silver iodide begins, which forms a very regular overlayer on top of the substrate. Both iodine species can be distinguished due to a difference in chemical shift of the M₄N₄, ₅N₄, ₅-Auger transitions. After completion of this overlayer further iodine uptake is slowed down significantly. Above an overlayer thickness of about 10 nm a further progress of the reaction cannot be followed anymore due to the limited information depth of XPS.     

Mathematical modelling of the oxidation of nickel titanium alloys

A one-dimensional bulk reaction model for the oxidation of nickeltitanium is formulated, with preferential oxidation of titaniumbeing included. The modelling is directed at the better understandingof the dominant mechanisms involved in the oxidation processand their significance for the biocompatibility of the alloy.Two different regimes for the relative diffusivities of oxygenand the metals are investigated. By assuming fast bulk reactions,different asymptotic structures emerge in different parameterregimes and the resulting models take the form of moving boundaryproblems. Different profiles of nickel concentration are obtained:in particular a nickel-rich layer (observed in practice) ispresent below the oxide/metal interface for the case when oxygenand the metals diffuse at comparable rates.     

Structure and properties of the mesophase of syndiotactic polystyrene. II. Effect of stepwise extraction on the preparation of the mesophase

In this study, a novel stepwise extraction method has been examined. The guest molecules housed between the helices of the clathrate δ form of syndiotactic polystyrene can be removed completely with this method. A systematic study of the preparation of a solvent‐free mesophase (emptied clathrate) membrane, its helical and residual solvent contents, and its structural transformations has been performed. In this first attempt, an enhancement in the TTGG helical content has been observed in the extracted membrane, and a conceptual mechanism is proposed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 269–273, 2003