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1.
2.
We present theoretical results of the electron impact ionization rate in GaAs/AlGaAs multiquantum well structures as a function of applied electric field for various geometries, i.e., well and barrier widths. In addition, we present preliminary measurements of the current-voltage characteristics of MBE grown devices which demonstrate very low leakage current as well as sharp breakdwon behavior. It is found that the net ionization rate, determined by averaging over the constitutent GaAs and AlGaAs layers, approaches the weighted average of the constituent bulk rates at high electric field strengths; the potential discontinuity is relatively unimportant. The electron ionization rate within the well regions alone is still higher than that in bulk GaAs, but is insufficiently enhanced to compensate for the much lower rate in the AlGaAs layers. As the field is lowered to 250.0 kV/cm, the average ionization rate in the multiquantum well structure becomes larger than in the bulk. 相似文献
3.
Summers MA Kemper PR Bushnell JE Robinson MR Bazan GC Bowers MT Buratto SK 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2003,125(17):5199-5203
In this article, we describe, for the first time, direct comparisons of the detailed structures of two small molecule organic semiconductors, oligo(phenylenvinylene) (OPV) molecules with chains of five and six phenyl rings (5R-OC(8)H(17) and 6R-OC(8)H(17)), respectively, and their luminescence properties on a single molecule level. Our data originate from a combination of two powerful diagnostic tools in physical chemistry: ion mobility and single molecule fluorescence spectroscopy. These techniques enable us to precisely determine the shapes of isolated molecules in the gas phase and to correlate these structures to the emission from single molecules supported on bare glass substrates. The principal structural uncertainty in OPVs is the (possible) presence and location of cis-vinylene linkages (cis-defects) in the oligomer. The results show that the structures observed in the gas phase are strongly correlated to the categories of molecules observed in the single molecule polarization anisotropy measurements with nearly identical distributions for the two OPV molecules studied. Each category is also characterized by the luminescence efficiency of the molecules in each class, providing a direct correlation between the luminescence efficiency and the shape of the molecule. This combination of techniques provides a level of information far beyond that obtained via any other analytical technique. 相似文献
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Alves GA Amato S Anjos JC Appel JA Astorga J Bracker SB Cremaldi LM Dagenhart WD Darling CL Dixon RL Errede D Fenker HC Gay C Green DR Jedicke R Karchin PE Kennedy C Kwan S Lueking LH de Mello Neto JR Metheny J Milburn RH de Miranda JM da Motta Filho H Napier A Passmore D Rafatian A dos Reis AC Ross WR Santoro AF Sheaff M Souza MH Spalding WJ Stoughton C Streetman ME Summers DJ Takach SF Wallace A Wu Z 《Physical review letters》1996,77(12):2388-2391
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Moetaz I. Attalla Geoffrey R. Burnett Lindsay A. Summers 《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》1985,22(2):319-320
3-(3′-Pyridinyloxymethyl)pyridine is prepared by reaction of 3-hydroxymethylpyridine with 3-bromopyridine and converted to the 1,1′-dimethyl and 1,1′-diethyl diquaternary salts with alkyl iodides. The salts are reduced polarographically at a potential (Eo) of about - 1.02 to - 1.10 V in the pH range of 5.5-8.5. 相似文献
8.
Stability constants are reported for the coordination of pyridine and substituted pyridines to the alkylcobalt(III) complexes of octaethylporphyrin (OEP), t-octaethylchlorin (OEC), and ttt-octaethylisobacteriochlorin (OEiBC) in toluene solution. The stability constants correlate with the base strength of the nitrogenous ligand. A cis-influence of the macrocycle saturation level on the stability constants is observed. Stability constants for coordination of a given pyridine ligand to an alkylcobalt(III) complex are roughly 10 times smaller than the stability constants for the corresponding cobalt(II) complex. Analysis of a thermodynamic cycle demonstrates that this leads to decreased stability of the complex with respect to Co-C bond homolysis upon ligand coordination, a "base-on" effect. Alkyl exchange occurs between cobalt complexes of different tetrapyrroles. Equilibrium data establish that the exchange is nonstatistical and that the Co-C bond is stabilized by increasing the saturation of the tetrapyrrole macrocycle. 相似文献
9.
Zhengjie Pi Joseph P. Kennedy James W. Summers 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2002,40(21):3644-3651
The tertiary chlorine (Clt) content of vinyl chloride/2‐chloropropene copolymers [P(VC‐co‐2CP)] was determined by NMR spectroscopy. Copolymers containing 6.8–47.0 Clt's per P(VC‐co‐2CP) chain were used to initiate the cationic grafting of α‐methylstyrene, norbornadiene, indene, and norbornene with Et2AlCl under various conditions. Grafting was demonstrated by selective solvent extraction, and the effect of the experimental conditions on the grafting efficiency was examined. Select rheological and thermal characteristics of P(VC‐co‐2CP) grafts, including the glass‐transition temperature, heat deflection temperature, and discoloration upon heating, were studied. P(VC‐co‐2CP) carrying 7–11 poly(α‐methylstyrene) or polynorbornadiene branches per chain raised the glass‐transition temperature to, or above, that of a blend control. P(VC‐co‐2CP)s fitted with polyindene or polynorbornene branches were less effective in raising the mechanical properties. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 3644–3651, 2002 相似文献
10.
Stephen J. Summers 《Communications in Mathematical Physics》1982,86(1):111-141
We present sufficient conditions that imply duality for the algebras of local observables in all Abelian sectors of all locally normal, irreducible representations of a field algebra if twisted duality obtains in one of these representations. It is verified that the Yukawa2 model satisfies these conditions, yielding the first proof of duality for the observable algebra in all coherent charge sectors in this model. This paper also constitutes the first verification of the assumptions of the axiomatic study of the structure of superselection sectors by Doplicher, Haag and Roberts in an interacting model with nontrivial sectors. The existence of normal product states for the free Fermi field algebra and, thus, the verification of the funnel property for the associated net of local algebras are demonstrated. 相似文献