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1.
Rikard Olofsson 《Annales Henri Poincare》2009,10(6):1111-1139
This paper continues the work done in Olofsson [Commun Math Phys 286(3):1051–1072, 2009] about the supremum norm of eigenfunctions of desymmetrized quantized cat maps. N will denote the inverse of Planck’s constant and we will see that the arithmetic properties of N play an important role. We prove the sharp estimate ||ψ||∞ = O(N 1/4) for all normalized eigenfunctions and all N outside of a small exceptional set. We are also able to calculate the value of the supremum norms for most of the so called newforms. For a given N = p n , with n > 2, the newforms can be divided in two parts (leaving out a small number of them in some cases), the first half all have supremum norm about ${2/\sqrt{1\pm 1/p}}This paper continues the work done in Olofsson [Commun Math Phys 286(3):1051–1072, 2009] about the supremum norm of eigenfunctions
of desymmetrized quantized cat maps. N will denote the inverse of Planck’s constant and we will see that the arithmetic properties of N play an important role. We prove the sharp estimate ||ψ||∞ = O(N
1/4) for all normalized eigenfunctions and all N outside of a small exceptional set. We are also able to calculate the value of the supremum norms for most of the so called
newforms. For a given N = p
n
, with n > 2, the newforms can be divided in two parts (leaving out a small number of them in some cases), the first half all have
supremum norm about 2/?{1±1/p}{2/\sqrt{1\pm 1/p}} and the supremum norm of the newforms in the second half have at most three different values, all of the order N
1/6. The only dependence of A is that the normalization factor is different if A has eigenvectors modulo p or not. We also calculate the joint value distribution of the absolute value of n different newforms. 相似文献
2.
A highly selective procedure is proposed for the determination of ultra-trace level concentrations of nickel in saline aqueous
matrices exploiting a micro-sequential injection Lab-On-Valve (μSI-LOV) sample pretreatment protocol comprising bead injection
separation/pre-concentration and detection by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). Based on the dimethylglyoxime
(DMG) reaction used for nickel analysis, the sample, as contained in a pH 9.0 buffer, is, after on-line merging with the chelating
reagent, transported to a reaction coil attached to one of the external ports of the LOV to assure sufficient reaction time
for the formation of Ni(DMG)2 chelate. The non-ionic coordination compound is then collected in a renewable micro-column packed with a reversed-phase copolymeric
sorbent [namely, poly(divinylbenzene-co-N-vinylpyrrolidone)] containing a balanced ratio of hydrophilic and lipophilic monomers.
Following elution by a 50-μL methanol plug in an air-segmented modality, the nickel is finally quantified by ETAAS. Under
the optimized conditions and for a sample volume of 1.8 mL, a retention efficiency of 70 % and an enrichment factor of 25
were obtained. The proposed methodology showed a high tolerance to the commonly encountered alkaline earth matrix elements
in environmental waters, that is, calcium and magnesium, and was successfully applied for the determination of nickel in an
NIST standard reference material (NIST 1640-Trace elements in natural water), household tap water of high hardness and local
seawater. Satisfying recoveries were achieved for all spiked environmental water samples with maximum deviations of 6 %. The
experimental results for the standard reference material were not statistically different to the certified value at a significance
level of 0.05. 相似文献
3.
Erik Allard Rikard Åslund Tröger Björn Arvidsson Per Johan Ragnar Sjöberg 《Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM》2010,24(4):429-435
Precision, reproducibility and lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) are important characteristics of a quantitative method. We have investigated these properties for Ximelagatran (Xi), which has a high tendency to form doubly charged ions in electrospray ionization (ESI), by studying the percentage of doubly charged species formed when varying the formic acid (FA) concentration, analyte concentration, amount of organic modifier and flow rate. It was found that the percentage of [Xi + 2H]2+ can be controlled to be more than 90% or less than 10% by varying the amount of FA present, and that the change between these values is dramatic. Furthermore, the percentage of [Xi + 2H]2+ formed decreases with increased analyte concentration and increased flow rate. No apparent relationship with the amount of organic modifier was found. The results have the implication that, by carefully controlling the selected parameters, the LLOQ, precision and reproducibility can be improved. We have compared the fragmentation of the singly and doubly charged species and concluded that the [Xi + 2H]2+ ion is more inclined to undergo fragmentation than [Xi + H]+. As a consequence, unusual instrumental settings had to be used for the experiments. The fragmentation patterns are to a great extent similar, but the doubly charged species is more inclined to generate low‐mass product ions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
4.
5.
Selective pressurized liquid extraction for multi-residue analysis of organochlorine pesticides in soil 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hussen A Westbom R Megersa N Mathiasson L Björklund E 《Journal of chromatography. A》2007,1152(1-2):247-253
A selective pressurized liquid extraction (SPLE) procedure capable of performing simultaneous extraction and clean-up has been demonstrated for multi-residue analysis of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in soil. The final method was performed at 100 degrees C for 3 x 10 min using acetone/n-heptane (1:1, v/v). Florisil was placed inside the extraction cell downstream the sample to remove interfering compounds. Extraction of two soil samples by SPLE gave a recovery which was over 80% for beta-endosulfan, endosulfan sulfate, p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE compared to PLE with off-line clean-up. The same trend was observed when applying the SPLE method to a certified reference soil sample (CRM 811-050) containing 13 OCPs, where the SPLE method gave 80-90% recovery vis-à-vis the PLE method with off-line clean-up. Feasibility of the SPLE method was further demonstrated by applying it to five real soil samples collected in Ethiopia. 相似文献
6.
Rikard Westbom Sarah Josefsson Lennart Mathiasson Erland Björklund 《International journal of environmental analytical chemistry》2013,93(4):259-274
A method for studying PCB desorption behaviour from sediments using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) is presented. Four sediments were investigated and extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide employing increasingly harsher extraction conditions ranging from 40°C and 12?MPa to 100°C and 36.5?MPa. To ensure quantitative extractions, the remaining SFE residues were also extracted with PLE. Resulting profiles identified at least three different PCB fractions within the four sediments. Furthermore, a distinct fraction was obtained with extraction for 2?h at 40°C and 36.5?MPa. This fraction has previously been found to correlate well with bioavailable fractions. The dependency of this fraction on sediment total organic carbon (TOC) was investigated, both for sediments examined in this study as well as for previously reported values using the same extraction conditions. It was found that TOC does not correlate to selective SFE, which indicates that the use of TOC to predict bioavailability is questionable. 相似文献
7.
Sarah Josefsson Rikard Westbom Lennart Mathiasson Erland Bjrklund 《Analytica chimica acta》2006,560(1-2):94-102
Pressurized liquid extractions were performed on eight sediments in order to investigate if a modified US EPA method (100 °C, 100 bar, n-heptane/acetone (1:1), 2 × 5 min) provided exhaustive extractions of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from sediment, and to study if the extractability of PCBs from the different sediments was affected by characteristics of the sediment. The recovery from the eight native sediments, contaminated in nature, was between 96.4% and 98.9%, as an average of the recoveries from 10 PCB congeners. Hundred percent recovery was defined as the sum of two consecutive extractions (2 × 5 min each) at the stated conditions. The recoveries of the individual congeners were above 94%, except for one congener in one sediment, which had a recovery of 92%. When the recoveries and different characteristics of the sediments were compared, no correlation appeared between recoveries and sediment PCB concentration, total organic carbon (TOC), soot carbon (SC) or amorphous carbon (AC). The fact that carbon did not influence the extractions was somewhat surprising, since previous experiments have indicated a connection. Instead, statistically significant (p < 0.05) correlations were observed for water content and carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio. The decrease in recoveries with decreased water content was attributed to less access of the solvent to the analytes due to less matrix swelling. The lowered recoveries with increased C/N ratio can indicate that a difference in structure of the organic matter exists, which influences the binding strength between the analytes and the matrix. The difference in structure can possibly be explained by different origin of the organic matter or by aging effects. Overall the method was found to be exhaustive and the excellent recoveries show that sediment characteristics do not influence the extractions markedly. 相似文献
8.
This paper compares the influence of the molecular weight of polylelectrolytes forming polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEM) on wood fibers on adhesion and paper strength. Sheets were made from fibers treated with poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH)/poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) of molecular mass 70,000 and 240,000, respectively, and of poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC)/poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) of molecular mass 30,000 and 80,000, respectively. The results were compared to what has recently been reported for PEM formation on fibers using a low-molecular-mass combination of PAH and PAA and a high-molecular-mass combination of PDADMAC/PSS. There was a less significant improvement in the case of the low-molecular-mass PDADMAC/PSS and the high-molecular-mass PAH/PAA. The adsorbed amounts of PAH and PDADMAC were also determined, showing a lower adsorbed amount of the low-molecular-mass PAH than of the high-molecular-mass PDADMAC. The amount of low-molecular-mass PDADMAC was similar to that found for high-molecular-mass PDADMAC/PSS. Individual fibers were partly treated and studied, showing a less significant decrease in wettability with low-molecular-mass PDADMAC/PSS than with the high-molecular-mass combination. The effect of the molecular weight on the adhesion was discussed in terms of the structure and wettability of the PEMs. 相似文献
9.
Rikard Westbom Sune Sporring Louise Cederberg Lars-Ola Linderoth Erland Bj?rklund 《Analytical sciences》2008,24(4):531-533
A selective pressurized liquid extraction procedure (SPLE) was developed for a fast determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in sediment. The final method was performed at 100 degrees C with heptane/dichloromethane (90:10, v/v) as extraction solvent for 2x5 min. Sulfuric acid impregnated silica was placed downstream of the sample in the extraction cell to remove interfering components. This simultaneous extraction/clean-up was performed in 20 min, with an average congener recovery of 92% compared to a classical 24 h Soxhlet methodology and 2 h of external manual clean-up. 相似文献
10.
Rikard Bøgvad 《代数通讯》2018,46(6):2476-2487