Double Michael Additions of Lithium Enolate of 1,4-Dioxaspiro[4.5]dec-6-en-8-One to Acrylates

Double Michael additions of lithium enolaie of 1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]dec-6-en-8-one to four acrylates afforded bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-ones with high regio- and stereoselectivities in moderate yields.     

Fiber-optic reflex sensor for in-line production measurement

The paper describes experiments concerning distance measurement with fiber-optic sensor and improvement of the measurement principle. The sensor probe was well-designed with a small structure and multi-function. The novel optical fiber probe arrangement as well as the possibilities of use for complex measurement problems are explained using the measurement of an internal screw thread as an example. The experimental results show that the measurement uncertainty of the thread minor diameter can reach ±10 μm, and the stability of the measurement system is better than 0.07%.     

Synthesis,structure, spectroscopic and magnetic properties of a novel two-dimensional copper(II) complex Na2[Cu(pba)] · 6H2O [pba = 1,3-propylenebis(oxamato)]

The copper(II) complex Na₂[Cu(pba)] · 6H₂O has been synthesized and its structure determined. It consists of a novel two-dimensional network of [Cu(pba)]^2– anions connected to each other through the sodium ion as a bridge. Spectroscopic and magnetic properties have been measured and a spin distribution calculation has been carried out with the GAUSSIAN-94. Theoretical calculations indicate the rather larger spin density on nitrogen atoms should be responsible for the satellite lines appearing beside the main hyperfine coupling signs of copper(II). The antiferromagnetic interaction may be due to the intermolecular interaction and/or different copper(II) ions through the Na⁺ bridge in the same layer.     

Yellow‐light‐emitting cyano‐substituted poly[(1,3‐phenylene vinylene)‐alt‐(1,4‐phenylene vinylene)] derivative: Its synthesis and optical properties

A soluble cyano‐substituted poly[(1,3‐phenylene vinylene)‐alt‐(1,4‐phenylene vinylene)] derivative ( 9 ) was synthesized and characterized. Comparison between 9 and its model compound ( 10 ) showed that the chromophore in 9 remained to be well defined as a result of a π‐conjugation interruption at adjacent m‐phenylene units. The attachment of a cyano substituent only at the β position of the vinylene allowed the maximum electronic impact of the cyano group on the optical properties of the poly(p‐phenylene vinylene) material. At a low temperature (?108 or ?198 °C), the vibronic structures of 9 and 10 were partially resolved. The absorption and emission spectra of a film of 9 were less temperature‐dependent than those of a film of 10 , indicating that the former had a lower tendency to aggregate. A light‐emitting diode (LED) based on 9 emitted yellow light (λ_max ≈ 578 nm) with an external quantum efficiency of 0.03%. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 3149–3158, 2003     

Optimal design of a convergent-barrel cold spray nozzle by numerical method

A convergent-barrel (CB) cold spray nozzle was designed through numerical simulation. It was found that the main factors influencing significantly particle velocity and temperature include the length and diameter of the barrel section, the nature of the accelerating gas and its pressure and temperature, and the particle size. Particles can achieve a relatively low velocity but a high temperature under the same gas pressure using a CB nozzle compared to a convergent-divergent (CD) nozzle. The experiment results with Cu powder using the designed CB nozzle confirmed that particle deposition can be realized under a lower gas pressure with a CB nozzle.     

Isothermal crystallization kinetics of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate)/layered double hydroxide nanocomposites

Poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB)/layered double hydroxides (LDHs) nanocomposites were prepared by mixing PHB and poly(ethylene glycol) phosphonates (PEOPAs)‐modified LDH (PMLDH) in chloroform solution. Both X‐ray diffraction data and TEM micrographs of PHB/PMLDH nanocomposites indicate that the PMLDHs are randomly dispersed and exfoliated into the PHB matrix. In this study, the effect of PMLDH on the isothermal crystallization behavior of PHB was investigated using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and polarized optical microscopy. Isothermal crystallization results of PHB/PMLDH nanocomposites show that the addition of 2 wt % PMLDH into PHB induced more heterogeneous nucleation in the crystallization significantly increasing the crystallization rate and reducing their activation energy. By adding more PMLDH into the PHB probably causes more steric hindrance of the diffusion of PHB, reducing the transportation ability of polymer chains during crystallization, thus increasing the activation energy. The correlation among crystallization kinetics, melting behavior and crystalline structure of PHB/PMLDH nanocomposites can also be discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 3337–3347, 2006     

正态分布下任意秩有限总体中的Minimax预测

对于任意秩有限总体,在二次损失下,有关文献已给出了线性可预测变量在齐次线性预测类中的唯一线性Minimax预测．本文在正态假设下,证明了这个线性Minimax预测也是线性可预测变量在一切预测类中的唯一Minimax预测．     

The Novel Y-Branch With Two Reflectors

A novel Y-branch waveguide with two reflectors is proposed. The normalized transmitted power for the branching angle of 50°is greater than 70%, which is higher than conventional Y-branch with such wide angle.     

Comparative investigation of up-conversion luminescence in Tm/Yb-codoped germanate-niobic and germanium-bismuth glasses: effect of phonon density on up-conversion emission

Tm³⁺/Yb³⁺-codoped germanate-niobic (GN) and germanium-bismuth (GB) glasses have been synthesized by conventional melting and quenching method. Intense blue and weak red emissions centered at 477 and 650 nm, corresponding to the transitions ¹G₄→³H₆ and ¹G₄→³H₄, respectively, were observed at room temperature. The possible up-conversion mechanisms are discussed and estimated. GN glass showed a weaker up-conversion emission than GB glass, which is inconsistent with the prediction from the difference of maximum phonon energy between GN and GB glasses. In this paper, Raman spectroscopy was employed to investigate the origin of the difference in up-conversion luminescence in the two glasses. Compared with phonon side-band spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy extracts more information including both phonon energy and phonon density. For the first time, our results reveal that, besides the maximum phonon energy, the phonon density of host glasses is also an important factor in determining the up-conversion efficiency.